Transcriptional Regulation II
... measure some “average” over a population of cells. • The population of cells is seldom in sync (same state). • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the less homogeneous it is. • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the harder (time, effort, money) it is to mea ...
... measure some “average” over a population of cells. • The population of cells is seldom in sync (same state). • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the less homogeneous it is. • The closer a population of cells is to its in vivo state the harder (time, effort, money) it is to mea ...
During Cytokinesis Light Chain, Tctex
... Tctex-1 (amino acids 1–113). The pPC86 plasmid encodes the Gal4 transcriptional activation domain (amino acids 767– 881) and 39 restriction sites for generation of “prey” fusion protein constructs. A cDNA library was prepared from 5 mg of poly(A)1-enriched RNA that had been isolated from the K46 B c ...
... Tctex-1 (amino acids 1–113). The pPC86 plasmid encodes the Gal4 transcriptional activation domain (amino acids 767– 881) and 39 restriction sites for generation of “prey” fusion protein constructs. A cDNA library was prepared from 5 mg of poly(A)1-enriched RNA that had been isolated from the K46 B c ...
Biogenesis of MalF and the MalFGK Maltose Transport Escherichia coli 2
... Refs. 12–15). It has been suggested that YidC mediates the transfer of TMs from the Sec translocon into the lipid bilayer (1). Indeed, YidC could be co-purified with the Sec translocon, suggesting a physical connection (14). A recent in vitro study using lactose permease (LacY) reveals a novel funct ...
... Refs. 12–15). It has been suggested that YidC mediates the transfer of TMs from the Sec translocon into the lipid bilayer (1). Indeed, YidC could be co-purified with the Sec translocon, suggesting a physical connection (14). A recent in vitro study using lactose permease (LacY) reveals a novel funct ...
Infrared spectroscopic studies: from small molecules to large.
... reactions in the cell, antibodies that bind antigens or foreign substances and target them for destruction, transporters that binds small molecules and move them from one cell location to the next, etc.5 An important group of enzymes that are central to many biological processes are the kinases. The ...
... reactions in the cell, antibodies that bind antigens or foreign substances and target them for destruction, transporters that binds small molecules and move them from one cell location to the next, etc.5 An important group of enzymes that are central to many biological processes are the kinases. The ...
as Powerpoint presentation
... This process is similar in mitochondria and in many bacteria. Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is catalysed by a membrane-bound ATP synthase (also called ATPase). The energy for this is provided by the oxidation of NADH2 by oxygen, catalysed by an electron transport chain. This sequence of redox reacti ...
... This process is similar in mitochondria and in many bacteria. Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is catalysed by a membrane-bound ATP synthase (also called ATPase). The energy for this is provided by the oxidation of NADH2 by oxygen, catalysed by an electron transport chain. This sequence of redox reacti ...
Nuclear accumulation of hepatitis B virus preS fragments
... Intracellular staining of fixed and permeabilized HepG2 and HeLa cells The day before analysis, HeLa or HepG2 cells were detached from stationary cultures and plated on 18×18 mm glass coverslips in sixwell plates (NUNC, Roskilde, Denmark) to 50% confluency. The next day, adherent cells were washed w ...
... Intracellular staining of fixed and permeabilized HepG2 and HeLa cells The day before analysis, HeLa or HepG2 cells were detached from stationary cultures and plated on 18×18 mm glass coverslips in sixwell plates (NUNC, Roskilde, Denmark) to 50% confluency. The next day, adherent cells were washed w ...
Selection of Functional Signal Peptide Cleavage Sites from a Library of Random Sequences.
... which amino acid substitutions of the -4 proline of ,B-lactamase and the -6 proline of the M13 procoat were shown to result in inefficient signal peptide processing (11, 24). In contrast, signal peptides that include a proline at the + 1 ...
... which amino acid substitutions of the -4 proline of ,B-lactamase and the -6 proline of the M13 procoat were shown to result in inefficient signal peptide processing (11, 24). In contrast, signal peptides that include a proline at the + 1 ...
Development of an Assay for the Identification of Receptor Binding
... able to bind to the host organism. We tested this technique with two phages: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage P22, which belongs to the Podoviridae family, and E. coli O157:H7 typing phage 1, belonging to the Myoviridae family [18,19]. In both cases, the tailspike or putative tail fibre ...
... able to bind to the host organism. We tested this technique with two phages: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage P22, which belongs to the Podoviridae family, and E. coli O157:H7 typing phage 1, belonging to the Myoviridae family [18,19]. In both cases, the tailspike or putative tail fibre ...
Proteomic Analysis of Methylarginine
... Posttranslational modification (PTM) to modulate the structure and function of proteins is an exciting field in proteomic analyses. Protein arginine methylation has become one of the most intensively studied PTM involved in various cellular functions such as signal transduction, protein subcellular ...
... Posttranslational modification (PTM) to modulate the structure and function of proteins is an exciting field in proteomic analyses. Protein arginine methylation has become one of the most intensively studied PTM involved in various cellular functions such as signal transduction, protein subcellular ...
CLONING HUMAN BEINGS The Science of Animal Cloning Commissioned Paper
... germ cells that form the eggs and sperm. However, there is no absolute requirement that the somatic cells— those cells not destined to give rise to the germ cells— retain the full genetic content in an unmodified form. A differentiated cell like a neuron must keep a set of neural-specific genes acti ...
... germ cells that form the eggs and sperm. However, there is no absolute requirement that the somatic cells— those cells not destined to give rise to the germ cells— retain the full genetic content in an unmodified form. A differentiated cell like a neuron must keep a set of neural-specific genes acti ...
PROTEIN FOLDING
... don’t know if that is appropriate: Some motions within F must be the motions that can lead to unfolding. • Do different denaturants induce the same unfolded state, or is it U, U’, U’’ … ? ...
... don’t know if that is appropriate: Some motions within F must be the motions that can lead to unfolding. • Do different denaturants induce the same unfolded state, or is it U, U’, U’’ … ? ...
Ionic Mechanism of the Slow Afterdepolarization Induced by
... Haj-Dahmane, Samir and Rodrigo Andrade. Ionic mechanism of the slow afterdepolarization induced by muscarinic receptor activation in rat prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1197–1210, 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We prev ...
... Haj-Dahmane, Samir and Rodrigo Andrade. Ionic mechanism of the slow afterdepolarization induced by muscarinic receptor activation in rat prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1197–1210, 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We prev ...
Visual Coding and the Retinal Receptors
... • Gene responsible is contained on the X chromosome. • Caused by either the lack of a type of cone or a cone has abnormal properties. • Most common form is difficulty distinguishing between red and green. – Results from the long- and mediumwavelength cones having the same photopigment. ...
... • Gene responsible is contained on the X chromosome. • Caused by either the lack of a type of cone or a cone has abnormal properties. • Most common form is difficulty distinguishing between red and green. – Results from the long- and mediumwavelength cones having the same photopigment. ...
Unit 5
... 39. The process of photosynthesis occurs in which of the following plant structures? (DOK 1) B. chloroplast B. mitochondria C. stomata D. a large vacuole ...
... 39. The process of photosynthesis occurs in which of the following plant structures? (DOK 1) B. chloroplast B. mitochondria C. stomata D. a large vacuole ...
Distribution of Furamidine Analogues in Tumor Cells: Targeting of
... important class of antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. This diphenylfuran derivative has shown potent activities against several pathogen microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium parvum (4), Pneumocystis carinii (5), and Trypanosoma sp (6, 7). An amidoxime prodrug of furamidine (8) is currently un ...
... important class of antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. This diphenylfuran derivative has shown potent activities against several pathogen microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium parvum (4), Pneumocystis carinii (5), and Trypanosoma sp (6, 7). An amidoxime prodrug of furamidine (8) is currently un ...
The role of fibroblast growth factor in early Xenopus development
... the report by Smith (1987) of inducing activity secreted by a Xenopus cell line, we turned our attention to an investigation of known growth factors. In our initial screen, we tested a wide range of factors and found only three that were active. These were basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), embr ...
... the report by Smith (1987) of inducing activity secreted by a Xenopus cell line, we turned our attention to an investigation of known growth factors. In our initial screen, we tested a wide range of factors and found only three that were active. These were basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), embr ...
Self-association of the SET domains of human ALL-1 and of
... (Lewis, 1978). The pattern is initially established by the gap and pair-rule genes and is later maintained by the trithorax and polycomb group genes, which function as transcriptional activators and repressors, respectively. ALL-1 contains several motifs shared with other proteins. These include: (a ...
... (Lewis, 1978). The pattern is initially established by the gap and pair-rule genes and is later maintained by the trithorax and polycomb group genes, which function as transcriptional activators and repressors, respectively. ALL-1 contains several motifs shared with other proteins. These include: (a ...
University of Groningen Structure and mechanism of the ECF
... CbiM respectively). The NikO and CbiO proteins are analogous to BioM (a NBD) and NikQ and CbiQ are analogous the BioN, the second membrane subunit. There was a surprising similarity between BioM, NikO and CbiO, although the substrate binding proteins (BioY, NikM and CbiM) were very different. A lin ...
... CbiM respectively). The NikO and CbiO proteins are analogous to BioM (a NBD) and NikQ and CbiQ are analogous the BioN, the second membrane subunit. There was a surprising similarity between BioM, NikO and CbiO, although the substrate binding proteins (BioY, NikM and CbiM) were very different. A lin ...
A Sugar-Inducible Protein Kinase, VvSK1, Regulates Hexose
... Figure 3. Analysis of VvSK1 expression in response to sugar and ABA treatments in Cabernet Sauvignon berry cells. A, RNA gel-blot analysis of VvSK1 accumulation after different times of treatment with 58 mM Suc. B, Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of VvSK1 expression in response to 58 mM mannitol an ...
... Figure 3. Analysis of VvSK1 expression in response to sugar and ABA treatments in Cabernet Sauvignon berry cells. A, RNA gel-blot analysis of VvSK1 accumulation after different times of treatment with 58 mM Suc. B, Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of VvSK1 expression in response to 58 mM mannitol an ...
The role of c-myc in cellular growth control
... phenotype (Lazaris-Karatzas et al., 1990). The eIF3 complex acts at nearly all steps of translation initiation to stabilize interactions between all of the initiation factors. Yeast mutations in one of its components, eIF3Z (cdc63), can exhibit a true START arrest (Hanic-Joyce, 1985; Hanic-Joyce et ...
... phenotype (Lazaris-Karatzas et al., 1990). The eIF3 complex acts at nearly all steps of translation initiation to stabilize interactions between all of the initiation factors. Yeast mutations in one of its components, eIF3Z (cdc63), can exhibit a true START arrest (Hanic-Joyce, 1985; Hanic-Joyce et ...
review - Biological Sciences
... (CESA) genes, three of which are required for primary wall synthesis and at least three of which are required for secondary wall synthesis. It now appears from mutant analysis that the various genes are not functionally redundant; three different CESA proteins must be simultaneously present to produ ...
... (CESA) genes, three of which are required for primary wall synthesis and at least three of which are required for secondary wall synthesis. It now appears from mutant analysis that the various genes are not functionally redundant; three different CESA proteins must be simultaneously present to produ ...
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... (Eulalio et al., 2007; Jakymiw et al., 2007). Together, these data suggest that Me31B and other P-body components may be important factors required for ncRNA-mediated regulation of synaptic mRNA translation and long-term memory. What is the role of ncRNAs in memory? At least two studies suggest a po ...
... (Eulalio et al., 2007; Jakymiw et al., 2007). Together, these data suggest that Me31B and other P-body components may be important factors required for ncRNA-mediated regulation of synaptic mRNA translation and long-term memory. What is the role of ncRNAs in memory? At least two studies suggest a po ...
Glutathionylation in the Photosynthetic Model Organism
... to protein glutathionylation in vivo remain(s) unclear, whereas the reverse reaction, named deglutathionylation, is likely catalyzed by glutaredoxins, proteins belonging to the TRX family. Glutathionylation appears to play a major role in numerous fundamental cell processes and is implicated in a br ...
... to protein glutathionylation in vivo remain(s) unclear, whereas the reverse reaction, named deglutathionylation, is likely catalyzed by glutaredoxins, proteins belonging to the TRX family. Glutathionylation appears to play a major role in numerous fundamental cell processes and is implicated in a br ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.