Role of Cytoskeleton in Controlling the Disorder Strength of Cellular
... shape and structure (7). It is pivotal in controlling inter- and intracellular transportation and also plays an important role during cell division and differentiation (1). The cytoskeletal components participate in the signal transduction and also influence gene transcription in response to the ext ...
... shape and structure (7). It is pivotal in controlling inter- and intracellular transportation and also plays an important role during cell division and differentiation (1). The cytoskeletal components participate in the signal transduction and also influence gene transcription in response to the ext ...
comparison of tgf/bmp superfamily pathways signaled by bmp
... kinase inhibitor P21/Waf1/Cip1 by 160%, whereas it was decreased (30%) by rhBMP -2. It is possible that DBP's inhibition of proliferation may contribute to its effects to promote differentiation. Cbfa1 was highly expressed in target hDFs but was moderately decreased by both DBP (10%) and rhBMP -2 (2 ...
... kinase inhibitor P21/Waf1/Cip1 by 160%, whereas it was decreased (30%) by rhBMP -2. It is possible that DBP's inhibition of proliferation may contribute to its effects to promote differentiation. Cbfa1 was highly expressed in target hDFs but was moderately decreased by both DBP (10%) and rhBMP -2 (2 ...
Cell Analogy – Plane
... because it keeps everything in the nucleus and keeps other things out. Nuclear pore – the nuclear pore is analogous is the doors of the city hall, because they only let in the important officials that go into the nucleus to collect information and later come out to tell the rest of the city what to ...
... because it keeps everything in the nucleus and keeps other things out. Nuclear pore – the nuclear pore is analogous is the doors of the city hall, because they only let in the important officials that go into the nucleus to collect information and later come out to tell the rest of the city what to ...
Cell Structures Endoplasmic Reticulum
... Site of respiration, makes energy ………….…. Mitochondria Largest organelle in a plant cell…………..…... Vacuole Surrounds the cell, acts as a gatekeeper ….…… Cell Membrane Rigid outer surface of plant cells ……….…….. Cell Wall Tiny organelle, makes protein ……….…….…. Ribosome Involved in secretion …………………… ...
... Site of respiration, makes energy ………….…. Mitochondria Largest organelle in a plant cell…………..…... Vacuole Surrounds the cell, acts as a gatekeeper ….…… Cell Membrane Rigid outer surface of plant cells ……….…….. Cell Wall Tiny organelle, makes protein ……….…….…. Ribosome Involved in secretion …………………… ...
news and views Mechanics of the ribosome
... on a surer footing, and promise much more. At this resolution, a-helices (spirals) in the protein structures can be readily fitted to the electron-density maps of the subunits, as can most double-helical segments (around twothirds) of the rRNA’s structure. Moreover, known three-dimensional structure ...
... on a surer footing, and promise much more. At this resolution, a-helices (spirals) in the protein structures can be readily fitted to the electron-density maps of the subunits, as can most double-helical segments (around twothirds) of the rRNA’s structure. Moreover, known three-dimensional structure ...
Structure and function of tomato disease resistance proteins van
... Solanaceae. The gene products, called R proteins, display modular domain structures. R protein function has recently been shown to require dynamic interactions between the various domains. In addition to these intramolecular interactions, R proteins interact with other proteins to form signalling co ...
... Solanaceae. The gene products, called R proteins, display modular domain structures. R protein function has recently been shown to require dynamic interactions between the various domains. In addition to these intramolecular interactions, R proteins interact with other proteins to form signalling co ...
Gene Regulation of Carbon Fixation, Storage
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Schulze et al., 2010). Control points can be at the translational level (Mittag, 2003) or the posttranslational level (Zhang et al., 2011) and sometimes are regulated as a feedback signal system. As an example, oscillations of sugar content contributed to sugar-responsive ...
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Schulze et al., 2010). Control points can be at the translational level (Mittag, 2003) or the posttranslational level (Zhang et al., 2011) and sometimes are regulated as a feedback signal system. As an example, oscillations of sugar content contributed to sugar-responsive ...
Untitled
... Chemosensation allows animals to detect and respond to myriad chemical signals in their environment indicating food, dangers, kin and mates. A new chemosensory receptor repertoire, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), which have derived from ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), was recently character ...
... Chemosensation allows animals to detect and respond to myriad chemical signals in their environment indicating food, dangers, kin and mates. A new chemosensory receptor repertoire, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), which have derived from ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), was recently character ...
Screening from a subtracted embryonic chick hindbrain cDNA library
... Mason, 2000). Expression domains of Otx2 in the forebrain and midbrain (Bally-Cuif et al., 1995) and Gbx2 in the hindbrain (Shamim and Mason, 1998) meet at the isthmus and experimental evidence suggests that both these genes are required for the correct spatial expression of Fgf8 and speci®cation of ...
... Mason, 2000). Expression domains of Otx2 in the forebrain and midbrain (Bally-Cuif et al., 1995) and Gbx2 in the hindbrain (Shamim and Mason, 1998) meet at the isthmus and experimental evidence suggests that both these genes are required for the correct spatial expression of Fgf8 and speci®cation of ...
Structural and functional characterization of the promoter regions of
... NFKB2 gene (/yf-10, NF->cBp100), we have characterized the structure and function of its promoter regions. Based on the nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones and the 5' flanking genomlc region of the NFKB2 gene, RT-PCR analysis in a number of human cell lines demonstrated the presence of two alternativ ...
... NFKB2 gene (/yf-10, NF->cBp100), we have characterized the structure and function of its promoter regions. Based on the nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones and the 5' flanking genomlc region of the NFKB2 gene, RT-PCR analysis in a number of human cell lines demonstrated the presence of two alternativ ...
Sensing of Osmotic Pressure Changes in Tomato Cells
... were subcultured in 2-week intervals in a liquidMurashige and Skoog-type medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) Suc as described earlier (Felix et al., 1991a), using approximately 2 g of cells (fresh weight) for inoculation of the fresh medium. The medium of a freshly inoculated culture had an osmolality ...
... were subcultured in 2-week intervals in a liquidMurashige and Skoog-type medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) Suc as described earlier (Felix et al., 1991a), using approximately 2 g of cells (fresh weight) for inoculation of the fresh medium. The medium of a freshly inoculated culture had an osmolality ...
chapter 43 The Nervous System
... variety of specialized membrane transport proteins. First, we examine some of the basic electrical properties common to the membrane of most animal cells that produce a membrane potential, then we see how neurons send signals (action potentials) through changes in this potential alongan axon. ...
... variety of specialized membrane transport proteins. First, we examine some of the basic electrical properties common to the membrane of most animal cells that produce a membrane potential, then we see how neurons send signals (action potentials) through changes in this potential alongan axon. ...
Non-Flagellar Swimming in Marine Synechococcus
... Furthermore, calcium is required to maintain the structural integrity of the outer membrane. The specific requirements for sodium and calcium likely reflect Synechococcus’ adaptation to its natural environment: seawater contains approximately 500 mM Na+ and 10 mM Ca2+ and marine strains have elevate ...
... Furthermore, calcium is required to maintain the structural integrity of the outer membrane. The specific requirements for sodium and calcium likely reflect Synechococcus’ adaptation to its natural environment: seawater contains approximately 500 mM Na+ and 10 mM Ca2+ and marine strains have elevate ...
The mechanism of leaf morphogenesis
... related to differentiation and, indeed, might be actually causally involved in differentiation. This, however, simply moves our level of ignorance to the problem of defining differentiation. Certain cells of the meristem seem to be maintained in an ‘‘undifferentiated’’ or ‘‘indeterminate’’ state by a com ...
... related to differentiation and, indeed, might be actually causally involved in differentiation. This, however, simply moves our level of ignorance to the problem of defining differentiation. Certain cells of the meristem seem to be maintained in an ‘‘undifferentiated’’ or ‘‘indeterminate’’ state by a com ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... for the adaptation of Y. pestis to its in vivo life stages. Thirteen proteins that appear to be part of an intact type VI secretion system (T6SS) were identified in membrane fractions of stationaryphase cells grown at 26 6C, but not at 37 6C. The corresponding genes are clustered in the Y. pestis KI ...
... for the adaptation of Y. pestis to its in vivo life stages. Thirteen proteins that appear to be part of an intact type VI secretion system (T6SS) were identified in membrane fractions of stationaryphase cells grown at 26 6C, but not at 37 6C. The corresponding genes are clustered in the Y. pestis KI ...
novel 4E-interacting protein in Leishmania is involved in stage
... alimentary canal of sand-fly vectors. After being transmitted into the mammalian host through a blood-meal from the female vector, they are engulfed by macrophages and other cells of the immune system. The promastigotes then transform into obligatory intracellular and non-motile amastigotes (8). Duri ...
... alimentary canal of sand-fly vectors. After being transmitted into the mammalian host through a blood-meal from the female vector, they are engulfed by macrophages and other cells of the immune system. The promastigotes then transform into obligatory intracellular and non-motile amastigotes (8). Duri ...
Viral Strategies in Modulation of NF
... regulatory subunit IKKγ68. These kinases phosphorylate specific serine residues at the N-terminal region of IκB molecules, the phosphorylated IκBs are then ubiquitinated, which is a signal for their degradation by the 26S proteasome33. NF-κB is then released and translocates to the nucleus, where it ...
... regulatory subunit IKKγ68. These kinases phosphorylate specific serine residues at the N-terminal region of IκB molecules, the phosphorylated IκBs are then ubiquitinated, which is a signal for their degradation by the 26S proteasome33. NF-κB is then released and translocates to the nucleus, where it ...
Institute for Plant Physiology and Microbiology - diss.fu
... characteristics of 11 Dhn genes of cv Dicktoo. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:1234-1247. Close T. J. (1996) Dehydrins: emergence of a biochemical role of a family of plant dehydration proteins. Physiol Plant. 97:795-803 Close T. J (1997) Dehydrins: a commonalty in the response of plants to dehydration and l ...
... characteristics of 11 Dhn genes of cv Dicktoo. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:1234-1247. Close T. J. (1996) Dehydrins: emergence of a biochemical role of a family of plant dehydration proteins. Physiol Plant. 97:795-803 Close T. J (1997) Dehydrins: a commonalty in the response of plants to dehydration and l ...
Cellular oxygen utilization in health and sepsis
... Molecular oxygen readily dissociates from red cell haemoglobin in the capillary into the cell where it enters the mitochondrion by simple diffusion. All cells of the human body contain mitochondria, although in different numbers depending on metabolic requirements. Red blood cells are the exception— ...
... Molecular oxygen readily dissociates from red cell haemoglobin in the capillary into the cell where it enters the mitochondrion by simple diffusion. All cells of the human body contain mitochondria, although in different numbers depending on metabolic requirements. Red blood cells are the exception— ...
Effect of aluminium on plant growth and metabolism
... malate efflux in wheat is associated with protein phosphorylation, possibly related to an organic anion-specific channel or its upstream signalling by a K-252a (a broad range inhibitor of protein kinases)-sensitive protein kinase. Using in-gel kinase assay with myelin basic protein (MBP) as an artif ...
... malate efflux in wheat is associated with protein phosphorylation, possibly related to an organic anion-specific channel or its upstream signalling by a K-252a (a broad range inhibitor of protein kinases)-sensitive protein kinase. Using in-gel kinase assay with myelin basic protein (MBP) as an artif ...
Structures of
... more than one domain in eukaryotes, prokaryotes can only fold mono-domain proteins -> bi or multilobal appearance Most domains consist of 40 to 200 Aa, average diameter of ~25 Å Many domains are structurally independent units that have the characteristic of globular proteins Individual domains often ...
... more than one domain in eukaryotes, prokaryotes can only fold mono-domain proteins -> bi or multilobal appearance Most domains consist of 40 to 200 Aa, average diameter of ~25 Å Many domains are structurally independent units that have the characteristic of globular proteins Individual domains often ...
... dish containing a sterilized cellophane membrane overlying solid growth medium. The cellophane membrane permits quick and easy harvesting of the entire sample without contamination of agar. It thus also facilitates accurate measurement of fungal mass for RNA extractions. Use of solid medium may prov ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.