Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during gastrulation
... process can be viewed as not to involve EMT, for the epithelial sheet is somewhat retained in the involuted endoderm. It is, however, unclear whether these cells still retain tight junctions. Some of the involuted cells located in the endoderm layer will later on contribute to the mesoderm through a ...
... process can be viewed as not to involve EMT, for the epithelial sheet is somewhat retained in the involuted endoderm. It is, however, unclear whether these cells still retain tight junctions. Some of the involuted cells located in the endoderm layer will later on contribute to the mesoderm through a ...
Elevated IL-17 produced by TH17 cells promotes
... next observed that IL-17 promotes myeloma cell growth and colony formation via IL-17 receptor, adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as increased growth in vivo in murine xeno- ...
... next observed that IL-17 promotes myeloma cell growth and colony formation via IL-17 receptor, adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as increased growth in vivo in murine xeno- ...
cell cycle pp
... An example of an internal signal occurs at the M phase checkpoint In this case, anaphase does not begin if any kinetochores remain unattached to spindle microtubules Attachment of all of the kinetochores activates a regulatory complex, which then activates the enzyme separase Separase allow ...
... An example of an internal signal occurs at the M phase checkpoint In this case, anaphase does not begin if any kinetochores remain unattached to spindle microtubules Attachment of all of the kinetochores activates a regulatory complex, which then activates the enzyme separase Separase allow ...
Signalling in Plant Lateral Organ Development
... to remain within the same cell layer and to differentiate as cells of the same type (e.g., as palisade mesophyll; Figure 1). Restricted orientation of division could therefore provide the basis for heritable cell identity within a layer. It also raises the possibility that cell identity might itself ...
... to remain within the same cell layer and to differentiate as cells of the same type (e.g., as palisade mesophyll; Figure 1). Restricted orientation of division could therefore provide the basis for heritable cell identity within a layer. It also raises the possibility that cell identity might itself ...
Figure 1 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
... The cellular structures of a representative softwood (cedar) and a hardwood (oak) are shown in figure 3. In softwoods, the bulk of the cells (85 – 95%) are highly elongated tracheids that provide both structural support and a conduction path for fluids (through small openings, called bordered pits, al ...
... The cellular structures of a representative softwood (cedar) and a hardwood (oak) are shown in figure 3. In softwoods, the bulk of the cells (85 – 95%) are highly elongated tracheids that provide both structural support and a conduction path for fluids (through small openings, called bordered pits, al ...
Functional differences between kindlin-1 and kindlin
... was no longer able to pull down kindlin-2, whereas the GSTb6b1 construct was able to pull down kindlin-2 as efficiently as GST–b1 was (Fig. 4G). Consistent with its ability to bind both b1- and b6-tails, the binding of kindlin-1 to GST–b6-b1 and GST–b1-b6 was not affected (Fig. 4F). To further narro ...
... was no longer able to pull down kindlin-2, whereas the GSTb6b1 construct was able to pull down kindlin-2 as efficiently as GST–b1 was (Fig. 4G). Consistent with its ability to bind both b1- and b6-tails, the binding of kindlin-1 to GST–b6-b1 and GST–b1-b6 was not affected (Fig. 4F). To further narro ...
Triton X-100 Extraction of P815 Tumor Cells
... In contrast, many nucleated cells have extensive cytoskeletal systems that include microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments (13, 14). There is some evidence for associations between transmembrane proteins and these cytoskeletal elements but it has remained unclear whether the plasma ...
... In contrast, many nucleated cells have extensive cytoskeletal systems that include microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments (13, 14). There is some evidence for associations between transmembrane proteins and these cytoskeletal elements but it has remained unclear whether the plasma ...
Nondestructive Manipulation of Single Live Plant Cell by Laser
... attention as a novel biological technique. Some kind of single cell manipulation for both plant and animal cells have been demonstrated by using laser trapping and laser ablation (1-5). Recently, infrared laser as a source of trapping laser has become user-friendly machine with improving the device ...
... attention as a novel biological technique. Some kind of single cell manipulation for both plant and animal cells have been demonstrated by using laser trapping and laser ablation (1-5). Recently, infrared laser as a source of trapping laser has become user-friendly machine with improving the device ...
Membrane trafficking and osmotically induced
... Both volume and medial area declined as external osmotic pressure was increased, and the relationship between these two parameters was found to be approximately linear over the range tested (Fig. 2). The heavy line is a linear regression of all points, and the lighter lines show linear regressions f ...
... Both volume and medial area declined as external osmotic pressure was increased, and the relationship between these two parameters was found to be approximately linear over the range tested (Fig. 2). The heavy line is a linear regression of all points, and the lighter lines show linear regressions f ...
a complexity drain on cells in the evolution of
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
The Boron Requirement and Cell Wall Properties
... Suspension-cultured Chenopodium album L. cells are capable of continuous, long-term growth on a boron-deficient medium. Compared with cultures grown with boron, these cultures contained more enlarged and detached cells, had increased turbidity due to the rupture of a small number of cells, and conta ...
... Suspension-cultured Chenopodium album L. cells are capable of continuous, long-term growth on a boron-deficient medium. Compared with cultures grown with boron, these cultures contained more enlarged and detached cells, had increased turbidity due to the rupture of a small number of cells, and conta ...
Relationship between the timing of DNA replication and the
... petence. On the basis of the results obtained with ND cells, it was suggested that the low encystation competence of D cells is due to a loss of accumulation of stationary stage D cells at the particular position of G 2 phase. This suggestion is supported by the finding that the nuclear DNA content ...
... petence. On the basis of the results obtained with ND cells, it was suggested that the low encystation competence of D cells is due to a loss of accumulation of stationary stage D cells at the particular position of G 2 phase. This suggestion is supported by the finding that the nuclear DNA content ...
Expression of Growth Factor Receptors in
... a-chain MoAb, clone 17-A3' was purchased from PharMingen. Cells were first incubated for 60 minutes at 4°C in the presence of 2.5 mg/mL of this antibody, washed with cold PBS, and then incubated for 30 minutes at 4°C with biotin-conjugated sheep anti-mouse IgGs (Cappel, West Chester, PA). After wash ...
... a-chain MoAb, clone 17-A3' was purchased from PharMingen. Cells were first incubated for 60 minutes at 4°C in the presence of 2.5 mg/mL of this antibody, washed with cold PBS, and then incubated for 30 minutes at 4°C with biotin-conjugated sheep anti-mouse IgGs (Cappel, West Chester, PA). After wash ...
improving methodological strategies for satellite cells counting in
... average taken from most often indicated length of a resting sarcomere (see Schmalbruch, 1985). (i) Number of satellite cells per fibre length NL(sc, fib): The number of satellite cells N(sc) was estimated by counting their nuclei applying the optical disector method (Gundersen, 1986) to the sampled ...
... average taken from most often indicated length of a resting sarcomere (see Schmalbruch, 1985). (i) Number of satellite cells per fibre length NL(sc, fib): The number of satellite cells N(sc) was estimated by counting their nuclei applying the optical disector method (Gundersen, 1986) to the sampled ...
Beginnings of a Good Apoptotic Meal: The Find-Me and
... C. elegans. By using a mutant background where the caspasemediated apoptosis was partially impaired, two groups (Hoeppner et al., 2001; Reddien et al., 2001) elegantly demonstrated that even under these partial death circumstances, if the engulfment machinery was intact, these ‘‘partially dead’’ cel ...
... C. elegans. By using a mutant background where the caspasemediated apoptosis was partially impaired, two groups (Hoeppner et al., 2001; Reddien et al., 2001) elegantly demonstrated that even under these partial death circumstances, if the engulfment machinery was intact, these ‘‘partially dead’’ cel ...
Scrape Procedure
... others, the parasites are situated within a clearly defined parasitophorous vacuole (PV) or lay in direct contact with the PV membrane within the new host cell. The earliest developmental stage seen are the meronts which are irregular in outline and bounded by a plasma membrane, and occur randomly i ...
... others, the parasites are situated within a clearly defined parasitophorous vacuole (PV) or lay in direct contact with the PV membrane within the new host cell. The earliest developmental stage seen are the meronts which are irregular in outline and bounded by a plasma membrane, and occur randomly i ...
Populus endobetamannanase PtrMAN6 plays a role in coordinating
... In higher plants, cell walls (CWs) make up the bodily structure and stockpile the majority of photosynthesisfixed carbon and solar energy. CWs can be generally classified into the primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall (SCW), which are formed through different processes and are regulated vi ...
... In higher plants, cell walls (CWs) make up the bodily structure and stockpile the majority of photosynthesisfixed carbon and solar energy. CWs can be generally classified into the primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall (SCW), which are formed through different processes and are regulated vi ...
Localization of Phospholamban in Smooth Muscle
... cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and well characterized both biochemically and functionally (5, 7). In vitro phosphorylation of PL by three different kinases, at distinct sites, enhances Ca2+ uptake by cardiac microsomes (2, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20). Recently, it has been shown that an endogeno ...
... cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and well characterized both biochemically and functionally (5, 7). In vitro phosphorylation of PL by three different kinases, at distinct sites, enhances Ca2+ uptake by cardiac microsomes (2, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20). Recently, it has been shown that an endogeno ...
PDF
... shape during which time the luminal surface of the neuroepithelial sheet is curved in the opposite direction from its eventual definitive form. From this point until approximately the 5-somite stage, the folds continue to elevate and gradually lose their convexity. Then, at the 5-somite stage, they ...
... shape during which time the luminal surface of the neuroepithelial sheet is curved in the opposite direction from its eventual definitive form. From this point until approximately the 5-somite stage, the folds continue to elevate and gradually lose their convexity. Then, at the 5-somite stage, they ...
Microtubule and F-actin dynamics at the division site in living
... seen in densely cytoplasmic cells (Staiger and Lloyd, 1991). To date, all views of the cytoskeleton at the division site have been obtained from fixed or detergent-extracted material. With the advent of microinjection techniques for introducing fluorescent markers into living, walled plant cells (Zh ...
... seen in densely cytoplasmic cells (Staiger and Lloyd, 1991). To date, all views of the cytoskeleton at the division site have been obtained from fixed or detergent-extracted material. With the advent of microinjection techniques for introducing fluorescent markers into living, walled plant cells (Zh ...
Diefenbach, A., and D.H. Raulet. 2002. The innate immune response to tumors and its role in the induction of T cell immunity. Immunological Reviews 188:9-21.
... even poorly immunogenic tumor cell lines can often be enhanced by employing various vaccination strategies (8, 9). In general, tumor immunity induced with cell lines is specific for the immunizing tumor cell line and is mediated by CD8π and/or CD4π T cells, in some cases with the participation of NK ...
... even poorly immunogenic tumor cell lines can often be enhanced by employing various vaccination strategies (8, 9). In general, tumor immunity induced with cell lines is specific for the immunizing tumor cell line and is mediated by CD8π and/or CD4π T cells, in some cases with the participation of NK ...
Dehydroascorbate Uptake Activity Correlates with
... representative of the amount of DHA that has been relocated from the external medium to the cytoplasm. In this paper, the attempt was made to investigate whether this DHA uptake activity is in some way changing throughout growth and cell cycle. Apparently, cells that exhibit a high rate of growth (c ...
... representative of the amount of DHA that has been relocated from the external medium to the cytoplasm. In this paper, the attempt was made to investigate whether this DHA uptake activity is in some way changing throughout growth and cell cycle. Apparently, cells that exhibit a high rate of growth (c ...
Genetic engineering of cereal crop plants: a review
... herbicide selection is that plants can be selected in late stages of development by a simple spray test . For wheat, triticale and barley, phosphinothricin (PPT) resistance conferred by the bar gene has proved to be a useful selectable marker for the regeneration of transformed plants . The successf ...
... herbicide selection is that plants can be selected in late stages of development by a simple spray test . For wheat, triticale and barley, phosphinothricin (PPT) resistance conferred by the bar gene has proved to be a useful selectable marker for the regeneration of transformed plants . The successf ...
Visualization of the moonlighting protein CD26DPPIV - UvA-DARE
... (Vmax) is obtained. However, these high substrate concentrations are seldom present in vivo. Moreover, the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate(s) can also be under post-translational control (Jonges et al. 1992; Swezey and Epel 1986; Van Noorden et al. 1997a), e.g., due to interactions of the en ...
... (Vmax) is obtained. However, these high substrate concentrations are seldom present in vivo. Moreover, the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate(s) can also be under post-translational control (Jonges et al. 1992; Swezey and Epel 1986; Van Noorden et al. 1997a), e.g., due to interactions of the en ...
Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro and In Vivo Glycoprotein G (gG
... alphaherpesviruses, have been shown to express soluble viral chemokine-binding protein (vCKBP) that do not share sequence similarity with known chemokines or chemokine receptors. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae and a close relative to the causative agents of col ...
... alphaherpesviruses, have been shown to express soluble viral chemokine-binding protein (vCKBP) that do not share sequence similarity with known chemokines or chemokine receptors. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae and a close relative to the causative agents of col ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.