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Bacteria and Viruses
Bacteria and Viruses

... • DNA is copied • New cell membrane and new cell wall sections are made • Cells separate ...
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...  Mitochondria, which is where most energy is released in respiration.  Ribosomes, which is where protein synthesis occurs. b) Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell. Plant cells often have:  Chloroplasts, which absorb light energy to make food.  ...
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... The inner wall of the nuclear membrane is lined with a netlike complex of protein filaments called the Nuclear Lamina that aids in maintaining the shape of the nucleus Chromatin is a substance composed of DNA and proteins that appears as a gray, grainy diffuse mass in a non-dividing cell. (the only ...
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... enzyme concentration. Explain how substances move in and out of cells by passive and active transport. Explanation of the processes includes: o Passive transport - diffusion, osmosis, net movement, no energy required, net movement with the concentration gradient o Diffusion is the movement of materi ...
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Text S1.

Credit: Duane Froese, ScienceDaily Aug. 28, 2007
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Cells

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200 300 400 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400
200 300 400 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400

... because it is too big to fit through the holes in the cell membrane. The water molecules move from high concentration on the left to low concentration on the right. This is also known as osmosis. ...
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Cell cycle



The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.
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