Quantitative phase microscopy – a new tool for investigating
... prisms allow for splitting of the incident light in the optical path before reaching the specimen and re-combination of the split beams beyond the specimen. As a result the paths of the parallel beams are of unequal length and when recombined allow differences in intensity to be discerned.11 Under D ...
... prisms allow for splitting of the incident light in the optical path before reaching the specimen and re-combination of the split beams beyond the specimen. As a result the paths of the parallel beams are of unequal length and when recombined allow differences in intensity to be discerned.11 Under D ...
Mechanical models of gastrulation
... After the egg fertilisation the primary stem cell of the Drosophila does not divide by means of regular mitosis but only the nucleus starts splitting continually within the same primary cellular walls. This larger ellipsoidal cell-like structure with many nuclei is called the syncytium. After 13 cel ...
... After the egg fertilisation the primary stem cell of the Drosophila does not divide by means of regular mitosis but only the nucleus starts splitting continually within the same primary cellular walls. This larger ellipsoidal cell-like structure with many nuclei is called the syncytium. After 13 cel ...
Cell walls
... b-(1, 3)-glucan is a minor component of plant tissue, but it is important in plant disease resistance because it occurs primarily in cell wall appositions and papillae in the form of callose in response to fungal penetration. Many pathogens produce b-(1, 3)-glucanase to degrade b(1, 3)-glucane. ...
... b-(1, 3)-glucan is a minor component of plant tissue, but it is important in plant disease resistance because it occurs primarily in cell wall appositions and papillae in the form of callose in response to fungal penetration. Many pathogens produce b-(1, 3)-glucanase to degrade b(1, 3)-glucane. ...
Isolation of N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-Alanine Amidase Gene (amiB) from
... 73%, respectively. Three repeated LysM motifs of the Cterminus found in a variety of enzymes are involved in bacterial cell wall degradation. These motifs may have a general peptidoglycan binding function. Specifically, the repeated motif 2 (40 amino acid residues, starting at V478) and motif 3 (40 ...
... 73%, respectively. Three repeated LysM motifs of the Cterminus found in a variety of enzymes are involved in bacterial cell wall degradation. These motifs may have a general peptidoglycan binding function. Specifically, the repeated motif 2 (40 amino acid residues, starting at V478) and motif 3 (40 ...
SCD1 is required for cell cytokinesis and polarized
... mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the control of phragmoplast expansion (Nishihama et al., 2002). The identification of these genes has yielded insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern plant cytokinesis. However, given the complexity of this process, it is clear that geneti ...
... mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the control of phragmoplast expansion (Nishihama et al., 2002). The identification of these genes has yielded insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern plant cytokinesis. However, given the complexity of this process, it is clear that geneti ...
division plane control in plants: new players in the band
... depolymerizing drugs causes cell plates to be misoriented, but as there are many potential roles for Factin in division plane orientation, these studies have not definitively established a function for the ADZ. When semi-synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells were treated with actin-depolymerizing drugs at ...
... depolymerizing drugs causes cell plates to be misoriented, but as there are many potential roles for Factin in division plane orientation, these studies have not definitively established a function for the ADZ. When semi-synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells were treated with actin-depolymerizing drugs at ...
Reconciling genetics and lineage
... what is the lifespan of a stem cell in the organism? Clearly, a mayfly, with a life expectancy of about a day, is not as concerned as a human about regenerative strategies involving the mobilization of stem cells. Furthermore, the limited view that the original stem cell should persist for the lifet ...
... what is the lifespan of a stem cell in the organism? Clearly, a mayfly, with a life expectancy of about a day, is not as concerned as a human about regenerative strategies involving the mobilization of stem cells. Furthermore, the limited view that the original stem cell should persist for the lifet ...
Microbiology An Introduction 10e Tortora, Funke and Case Outline
... smaller prokaryotic cells, means that nutrients can easily and rapidly reach any part of the cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means nutrients cannot rapidly diffuse to all interior parts of the cell. That is why eukaryotic c ...
... smaller prokaryotic cells, means that nutrients can easily and rapidly reach any part of the cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means nutrients cannot rapidly diffuse to all interior parts of the cell. That is why eukaryotic c ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... protein called EnvC, and there are two regulated autolysins, AmiA and AmiB (Yang et al., 2011). In both cases activation of the CW hydrolase(s) at the septum is needed to enable the separation of progeny cells after division, explaining at least in part the deleterious effects of inactivation of the ...
... protein called EnvC, and there are two regulated autolysins, AmiA and AmiB (Yang et al., 2011). In both cases activation of the CW hydrolase(s) at the septum is needed to enable the separation of progeny cells after division, explaining at least in part the deleterious effects of inactivation of the ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms of chromosomal instability and carcinogenesis
... identified more than a hunderd candidate genes (Spencer et al., 1990), many of which have multiple orthologs in humans. The complexity of the network that controls chromosome segregation however reflects the magnitude of the problem faced, and spontaneous chromosome segregation errors occur at a mea ...
... identified more than a hunderd candidate genes (Spencer et al., 1990), many of which have multiple orthologs in humans. The complexity of the network that controls chromosome segregation however reflects the magnitude of the problem faced, and spontaneous chromosome segregation errors occur at a mea ...
ch_03_lecture_outline
... Includes two distinct events: 1. Mitosis—four stages of nuclear division: ...
... Includes two distinct events: 1. Mitosis—four stages of nuclear division: ...
MicroRNAs in Stem Cell Function and Regenerative Therapy of the
... replaced by endogenous regeneration, renders the heart susceptible for unfavorable remodeling and heart failure. Stem/ progenitor cell therapies have been considered as promising options to compensate for the loss of cardiomyocytes. Various adult stem/progenitor cells were used in experimental and c ...
... replaced by endogenous regeneration, renders the heart susceptible for unfavorable remodeling and heart failure. Stem/ progenitor cell therapies have been considered as promising options to compensate for the loss of cardiomyocytes. Various adult stem/progenitor cells were used in experimental and c ...
PDF
... Taken at face value, Figure 1 shows how the epidermal cell files are tilted in relation to the organ axis while the underlying, radially expanded and shortened cell files do not, but are aligned with the organ axis. This implies that the epidermal cell layer is also tilted with respect to the underlyi ...
... Taken at face value, Figure 1 shows how the epidermal cell files are tilted in relation to the organ axis while the underlying, radially expanded and shortened cell files do not, but are aligned with the organ axis. This implies that the epidermal cell layer is also tilted with respect to the underlyi ...
Microtubules Show their Sensitive Nature
... Indeed, the microtubule surface is a busy and congested place, covered with protein complexes, motor proteins and structural microtubule-associated proteins, GDP/GTP, regulatory kinases, phosphatases, and ions. But in addition, we now know that microtubules in plant cells are the landing platforms f ...
... Indeed, the microtubule surface is a busy and congested place, covered with protein complexes, motor proteins and structural microtubule-associated proteins, GDP/GTP, regulatory kinases, phosphatases, and ions. But in addition, we now know that microtubules in plant cells are the landing platforms f ...
EGF cell surface receptor quantitation on ocular cells by an
... and a number of biologic responses in the target cell, including increased glucose uptake and increased ...
... and a number of biologic responses in the target cell, including increased glucose uptake and increased ...
Títol del treball:
... As is mentioned above, the apollo mutant had a striking hypocotyl phenotype in the light and it thus forms a very useful object to study cell elongation and its control. The genes affected by the T-DNA insertion in apollo are poorly studied, and it is therefore useful to know the role of these genes ...
... As is mentioned above, the apollo mutant had a striking hypocotyl phenotype in the light and it thus forms a very useful object to study cell elongation and its control. The genes affected by the T-DNA insertion in apollo are poorly studied, and it is therefore useful to know the role of these genes ...
Chapter 7: A View of the Cell
... 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. An organism may be a single cell, such as the organisms van Leeuwenhoek saw in water. Others, like most of the plants and animals with which you are most familiar, are multicellular, or made up of many cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of organi ...
... 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. An organism may be a single cell, such as the organisms van Leeuwenhoek saw in water. Others, like most of the plants and animals with which you are most familiar, are multicellular, or made up of many cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of organi ...
Cell Wall
... – Living part of cell – Receives signals such as hormones. – Wall signals transmitted through plasmalemma and into cytoplasm, -biochemical response ...
... – Living part of cell – Receives signals such as hormones. – Wall signals transmitted through plasmalemma and into cytoplasm, -biochemical response ...
Artifacts
... 10. Other structure found in stool are crystals, CharcotLeyden are the breakdown products of eosinophil cells and may be present in stools or sputum. 11. Starch granules are sometimes seen in stool. When undigested, they appear as concentric rings and stain blue with iodine, when partially digested, ...
... 10. Other structure found in stool are crystals, CharcotLeyden are the breakdown products of eosinophil cells and may be present in stools or sputum. 11. Starch granules are sometimes seen in stool. When undigested, they appear as concentric rings and stain blue with iodine, when partially digested, ...
PDF
... the nuclear body has a similar appearance to the cytoplasm,’’ and ribosomes are located in the same compartment as the DNA, arguing against the specific nature of this compartment. In addition, ribosomes line the walls of the internal membrane of the ‘‘nuclear compartment’’ [8], as observed along th ...
... the nuclear body has a similar appearance to the cytoplasm,’’ and ribosomes are located in the same compartment as the DNA, arguing against the specific nature of this compartment. In addition, ribosomes line the walls of the internal membrane of the ‘‘nuclear compartment’’ [8], as observed along th ...
Antigen recognition by T Lymphocytes
... Peptide loading on MHC • MHC Class I: intracellular antigens, e.g. viral proteins produced in virus-infected cells; peptide degradation in cytosol by proteasome, then transport to ER • MHC Class II: extracellular antigens, e.g. pathogen engulfed by phagocytes; degradation in phagosome and lysosome ...
... Peptide loading on MHC • MHC Class I: intracellular antigens, e.g. viral proteins produced in virus-infected cells; peptide degradation in cytosol by proteasome, then transport to ER • MHC Class II: extracellular antigens, e.g. pathogen engulfed by phagocytes; degradation in phagosome and lysosome ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.