Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in
... root growth (Willats and Knox, 1996). AGPs are known to influence the organization of cortical microtubules, which control the elongation of epidermal cells (Nguema-Ona et al., 2007). Periplasmic AGPs can also act as calcium capacitors, which is significant because calcium ion gradients are importan ...
... root growth (Willats and Knox, 1996). AGPs are known to influence the organization of cortical microtubules, which control the elongation of epidermal cells (Nguema-Ona et al., 2007). Periplasmic AGPs can also act as calcium capacitors, which is significant because calcium ion gradients are importan ...
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... SUMMARY Notch and Wnt are highly conserved signalling pathways that are used repeatedly throughout animal development to generate a diverse array of cell types. However, they often have opposing effects on cell-fate decisions with each pathway promoting an alternate outcome. Commonly, a cell receivi ...
... SUMMARY Notch and Wnt are highly conserved signalling pathways that are used repeatedly throughout animal development to generate a diverse array of cell types. However, they often have opposing effects on cell-fate decisions with each pathway promoting an alternate outcome. Commonly, a cell receivi ...
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear
... these, it occurred asynchronously after a long delay (Kuriyama, 1999). Therefore, cells were incubated with 100 m probenecid for 12 h and were loaded with SYTO16. Non-TEs in which the vacuole had ruptured were recognized by the presence of balloonlike structures composed of fragmented tonoplast rep ...
... these, it occurred asynchronously after a long delay (Kuriyama, 1999). Therefore, cells were incubated with 100 m probenecid for 12 h and were loaded with SYTO16. Non-TEs in which the vacuole had ruptured were recognized by the presence of balloonlike structures composed of fragmented tonoplast rep ...
MICROSCOPIC AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES ON
... from cell membrane (Figure 2). Microvesicles are also called as ectosomes (Stein and Luzio. 1991) and microparticles (Mackman. 2009) in literature. Recognition between exosomes and microvesicles is difficult because size ranges of these two type of vesicles partially overlap. In many cases their com ...
... from cell membrane (Figure 2). Microvesicles are also called as ectosomes (Stein and Luzio. 1991) and microparticles (Mackman. 2009) in literature. Recognition between exosomes and microvesicles is difficult because size ranges of these two type of vesicles partially overlap. In many cases their com ...
Cell Functions Phospholipid-Binding Motif that Regulates T Subunit
... In addition to its PRS and ITAM, the CD3 subunit also contains a basic-rich stretch (BRS) of amino acids within the juxtamembrane portion of its cytoplasmic tail (Fig. 1A) (9). Although all three subdomains can interact with proteins, the BRS has uniquely been found to bind acidic phospholipids (1 ...
... In addition to its PRS and ITAM, the CD3 subunit also contains a basic-rich stretch (BRS) of amino acids within the juxtamembrane portion of its cytoplasmic tail (Fig. 1A) (9). Although all three subdomains can interact with proteins, the BRS has uniquely been found to bind acidic phospholipids (1 ...
POS-1 and germ cell specification
... after the first cleavage of the embryo, and is present predominantly in germline blastomeres. Like MEX-1, POS1 is a cytoplasmic protein localized predominantly to germline blastomeres. Like both MEX-1 and PIE-1, the POS1 protein is a component of P granules and has two copies of the CCCH finger moti ...
... after the first cleavage of the embryo, and is present predominantly in germline blastomeres. Like MEX-1, POS1 is a cytoplasmic protein localized predominantly to germline blastomeres. Like both MEX-1 and PIE-1, the POS1 protein is a component of P granules and has two copies of the CCCH finger moti ...
Rapid Movement of Microtubules in Axons
... microtubules move rapidly, but the overall rate of movement is likely to be considerably slower because the movements are also very infrequent. Thus, it appears that both microtubules and neurofilaments move rapidly but intermittently, and that these polymers may actually spend most of their time pa ...
... microtubules move rapidly, but the overall rate of movement is likely to be considerably slower because the movements are also very infrequent. Thus, it appears that both microtubules and neurofilaments move rapidly but intermittently, and that these polymers may actually spend most of their time pa ...
Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagella and ependymal cell motile
... and generates plant sphingolipids 450 nm. At a concentration of myriocin as low as 5 nM, approxiThere is no prior information on the presence of sphingolipids or mately half of the cells were immotile (Figure 3B). At 10 nM myrioenzymes required for sphingolipid biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas. cin, ph ...
... and generates plant sphingolipids 450 nm. At a concentration of myriocin as low as 5 nM, approxiThere is no prior information on the presence of sphingolipids or mately half of the cells were immotile (Figure 3B). At 10 nM myrioenzymes required for sphingolipid biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas. cin, ph ...
Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase
... activity. The optimum pH and temperature for the yeast whole-cell ROL biocatalyst were pH 7.0 and 40 °C. Furthermore, this whole-cell biocatalyst was applied to the hydrolysis of tributyrin and the resulted conversion of butyric acid reached 96.91% after 144 h. Key words: Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL ...
... activity. The optimum pH and temperature for the yeast whole-cell ROL biocatalyst were pH 7.0 and 40 °C. Furthermore, this whole-cell biocatalyst was applied to the hydrolysis of tributyrin and the resulted conversion of butyric acid reached 96.91% after 144 h. Key words: Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL ...
vascular tissue differentiation and pattern formation in plants
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... releasing the proteases, which become activated and help degrade the cytoplasm (Senatore et al., 2009). ‘Autolytic’ PCD in barley seed aleurone cells was associated with the induction of a gene encoding cathepsin B, a cysteine protease (Martinez et al., 2003). A gene encoding a cathepsin B was also ...
... releasing the proteases, which become activated and help degrade the cytoplasm (Senatore et al., 2009). ‘Autolytic’ PCD in barley seed aleurone cells was associated with the induction of a gene encoding cathepsin B, a cysteine protease (Martinez et al., 2003). A gene encoding a cathepsin B was also ...
New insights into root gravitropic signalling
... Much research and speculations have focused on how a physical signal (statolith sedimentation) can be translated into a moving physiological signal. It has been proposed that an interaction between the sedimenting amyloplasts and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane ...
... Much research and speculations have focused on how a physical signal (statolith sedimentation) can be translated into a moving physiological signal. It has been proposed that an interaction between the sedimenting amyloplasts and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane ...
Constrained transcription factor spacing is prevalent and important
... regulation, and they have long been known as essential regulators of cell fate decisions in the haematopoietic system. TF proteins form complexes, bind regulatory DNA sequences on enhancers and promoter regions and help to recruit the basic transcriptional machinery to control the expression of near ...
... regulation, and they have long been known as essential regulators of cell fate decisions in the haematopoietic system. TF proteins form complexes, bind regulatory DNA sequences on enhancers and promoter regions and help to recruit the basic transcriptional machinery to control the expression of near ...
Characterization of the ftsYEX operon of Escherichia coli
... although viability depends upon the concentration of NaCl or other compounds in the growth medium. In the characterization of this ftsE::kan\ mutant, it was found that several predominant proteins were missing in this mutant when compared to wild-type protein profiles. Contrary to previous speculati ...
... although viability depends upon the concentration of NaCl or other compounds in the growth medium. In the characterization of this ftsE::kan\ mutant, it was found that several predominant proteins were missing in this mutant when compared to wild-type protein profiles. Contrary to previous speculati ...
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... marker Xbra (Winklbauer and Schurfeld, 1999) were visualized (Fig. 1E-F′). Gsc is initially expressed in an arc extending from the lower part of the blastopore lip to the blastocoel floor, separating the Xbra domain from the vegetal cell mass (Fig. 1E). In the midgastrula, this region has become ful ...
... marker Xbra (Winklbauer and Schurfeld, 1999) were visualized (Fig. 1E-F′). Gsc is initially expressed in an arc extending from the lower part of the blastopore lip to the blastocoel floor, separating the Xbra domain from the vegetal cell mass (Fig. 1E). In the midgastrula, this region has become ful ...
all-unit-learning-objectives
... Describe the role of sexual reproduction as a means of enabling genetic variation and the importance of this Explain meiosis using the following terms: 1st and 2nd meiotic division, gamete mother cell, chromosome, chromatid, chiasmata, homologous Describe crossing over and independent assortme ...
... Describe the role of sexual reproduction as a means of enabling genetic variation and the importance of this Explain meiosis using the following terms: 1st and 2nd meiotic division, gamete mother cell, chromosome, chromatid, chiasmata, homologous Describe crossing over and independent assortme ...
Micronuclei Bearing Acentric Extrachromosomal Chromatin Are
... elimination of amplified c-myc genes was accelerated by the treatment of the cells with low concentration of hydroxyurea (5, 8), and the elimination was accompanied by the specific inclusion of DMs into micronuclei, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a DM-specific probe (4, ...
... elimination of amplified c-myc genes was accelerated by the treatment of the cells with low concentration of hydroxyurea (5, 8), and the elimination was accompanied by the specific inclusion of DMs into micronuclei, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a DM-specific probe (4, ...
Cytokinin–auxin crosstalk
... we review recent significant progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which these hormones interact to control specific aspects of plant development. For example, in the root meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana, cytokinin promotes cell differentiation by repressing both auxin signalling ...
... we review recent significant progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which these hormones interact to control specific aspects of plant development. For example, in the root meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana, cytokinin promotes cell differentiation by repressing both auxin signalling ...
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... A. Sphingolipid Requirements at the Cellular Level The early steps in sphingolipid synthesis, up to the formation of sphingoid bases and ceramides, are essentially the same in all eukaryotes. It is in the subsequent reactions, when ceramide is converted to complex sphingolipids, that major species- ...
... A. Sphingolipid Requirements at the Cellular Level The early steps in sphingolipid synthesis, up to the formation of sphingoid bases and ceramides, are essentially the same in all eukaryotes. It is in the subsequent reactions, when ceramide is converted to complex sphingolipids, that major species- ...
Genetic analysis of leaf development in cotton
... growth in a number of different species, including Antirrhinum majus L. (Harte, 1979, 1983, 1985; Harte and Meinhard, 1979a,b, 1980), cotton (Hammond, 1941a,b) and Ipomoea caerulea (Njoku, 1957). In A. majus L., Harte and co-workers found that the growth in length and width of the developing leaf ca ...
... growth in a number of different species, including Antirrhinum majus L. (Harte, 1979, 1983, 1985; Harte and Meinhard, 1979a,b, 1980), cotton (Hammond, 1941a,b) and Ipomoea caerulea (Njoku, 1957). In A. majus L., Harte and co-workers found that the growth in length and width of the developing leaf ca ...
