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Seed-coat Dormancy in Grevillea linearifolia
... for the seeds to be dormant when shed from the parent plant, and for this dormancy to be broken by cues from the fire. Seeds of east Australian Grevillea species show this pattern. Seeds returned to the laboratory, while showing some germination if allowed to imbibe, respond to fire-related germinat ...
... for the seeds to be dormant when shed from the parent plant, and for this dormancy to be broken by cues from the fire. Seeds of east Australian Grevillea species show this pattern. Seeds returned to the laboratory, while showing some germination if allowed to imbibe, respond to fire-related germinat ...
Protein kinase Ca activation by RET: evidence for a negative
... and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors. This signaling complex is essential for the development of the kidney and some structures of central and peripheral ne ...
... and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors. This signaling complex is essential for the development of the kidney and some structures of central and peripheral ne ...
Disruption of early proximodistal patterning and AVE
... expression of T was seen only in a subset of embryos (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that the onset of ectopic gene activation is around 4.0 dpc. Other markers of PD and later AP patterning of the epiblast were affected in Apc mutants. Eomesodermin (Eomes) (Ciruna and Rossant, 1999), a marker of the middle ...
... expression of T was seen only in a subset of embryos (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that the onset of ectopic gene activation is around 4.0 dpc. Other markers of PD and later AP patterning of the epiblast were affected in Apc mutants. Eomesodermin (Eomes) (Ciruna and Rossant, 1999), a marker of the middle ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... The zebrafish epiboly mutants partially block epiboly, the vegetalward movement of the blastoderm around the giant yolk cell. Here, we show that the epiboly mutations are located near the centromere of Linkage Group 7 in a single locus, termed the half baked locus. Nevertheless, except for the simila ...
... The zebrafish epiboly mutants partially block epiboly, the vegetalward movement of the blastoderm around the giant yolk cell. Here, we show that the epiboly mutations are located near the centromere of Linkage Group 7 in a single locus, termed the half baked locus. Nevertheless, except for the simila ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in
... outer fringe. The thin solid line is the sum of the two Gaussian fits. The vertical dashed lines mark the locations of the peaks in each Gaussian fit. Because the intensity of one of the DIC fringes, usually that between the protoplast and cell wall, is normally greater than the other fringe, it mas ...
... outer fringe. The thin solid line is the sum of the two Gaussian fits. The vertical dashed lines mark the locations of the peaks in each Gaussian fit. Because the intensity of one of the DIC fringes, usually that between the protoplast and cell wall, is normally greater than the other fringe, it mas ...
Arabidopsis Phragmoplast-Associated Kinesins Play
... the Kinesin-12A/kinesin-12a-1; kinesin-12b-2/kinesin-12b-2 or kinesin-12a-1/kinesin-12a-1; Kinesin-12B/kinesin-12b-2 mutant were used to pollinate the stigma of a wild-type female parent, transmission of the double mutant allele (kinesin-12a-1; kinesin12b-2) was severely reduced (male transmission e ...
... the Kinesin-12A/kinesin-12a-1; kinesin-12b-2/kinesin-12b-2 or kinesin-12a-1/kinesin-12a-1; Kinesin-12B/kinesin-12b-2 mutant were used to pollinate the stigma of a wild-type female parent, transmission of the double mutant allele (kinesin-12a-1; kinesin12b-2) was severely reduced (male transmission e ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in
... outer fringe. The thin solid line is the sum of the two Gaussian fits. The vertical dashed lines mark the locations of the peaks in each Gaussian fit. Because the intensity of one of the DIC fringes, usually that between the protoplast and cell wall, is normally greater than the other fringe, it mas ...
... outer fringe. The thin solid line is the sum of the two Gaussian fits. The vertical dashed lines mark the locations of the peaks in each Gaussian fit. Because the intensity of one of the DIC fringes, usually that between the protoplast and cell wall, is normally greater than the other fringe, it mas ...
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Unbound Intracellular
... brief, to determine the intracellular volume of human hepatocytes, cryopreserved human hepatocytes (Lot Hu8075) were suspended in Krebs–Henseleit buffer (pH 7.4) at 6.0 106 viable cells/mL and preincubated at 37C for 5 minutes. A reaction was initiated by adding an equal volume of buffer containi ...
... brief, to determine the intracellular volume of human hepatocytes, cryopreserved human hepatocytes (Lot Hu8075) were suspended in Krebs–Henseleit buffer (pH 7.4) at 6.0 106 viable cells/mL and preincubated at 37C for 5 minutes. A reaction was initiated by adding an equal volume of buffer containi ...
Yoga and Insulin Resistance:
... the humorous video. (Kamei, Kumano, and Masumura, 1997).Laughter is also thought to affect the endocrine system. It appears to reduce serum levels of cortisol, dopac, epinephrine, and growth hormone. In stress inducing experiments, the change in IgA levels following stress are significantly related ...
... the humorous video. (Kamei, Kumano, and Masumura, 1997).Laughter is also thought to affect the endocrine system. It appears to reduce serum levels of cortisol, dopac, epinephrine, and growth hormone. In stress inducing experiments, the change in IgA levels following stress are significantly related ...
Forespore membrane assembly in yeast
... Here, I discuss the molecular mechanisms shared by fission and budding yeast sporulation. In particular, I focus on de novo synthesis of the spore plasma membrane, which is originally constructed as a double membrane called the forespore membrane (FSM), and the role of spindle pole bodies (SPBs) as ...
... Here, I discuss the molecular mechanisms shared by fission and budding yeast sporulation. In particular, I focus on de novo synthesis of the spore plasma membrane, which is originally constructed as a double membrane called the forespore membrane (FSM), and the role of spindle pole bodies (SPBs) as ...
AHEART December 46/6 - AJP
... 15-µl sample of this solution was then mixed with an equal volume of trypan blue solution (0.5% glutaraldehyde in 85 mosM NaCl-deficient Tyrode solution containing 1% trypan blue). Three widely separated fields at ⫻100 magnification were then examined to determine cell morphology (rod, round, or squ ...
... 15-µl sample of this solution was then mixed with an equal volume of trypan blue solution (0.5% glutaraldehyde in 85 mosM NaCl-deficient Tyrode solution containing 1% trypan blue). Three widely separated fields at ⫻100 magnification were then examined to determine cell morphology (rod, round, or squ ...
Bacterial Growth and Cell Division: a Mycobacterial Perspective
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
Lymphatic vessels and tertiary lymphoid organs
... TLOs, also referred to as ectopic lymphoid tissues, are accumulations of cells in chronic inflammation (reviewed in ref. 20) and are referred to as tertiary to distinguish them from SLOs. SLOs arise during development at key locations in the body under the control of a precise developmental program, ...
... TLOs, also referred to as ectopic lymphoid tissues, are accumulations of cells in chronic inflammation (reviewed in ref. 20) and are referred to as tertiary to distinguish them from SLOs. SLOs arise during development at key locations in the body under the control of a precise developmental program, ...
4. Tissue Level of Organization
... 4.3 (Body Membranes) has been inserted because these structures are composed of an epithelial sheet and an underlying connective tissue layer. Tissues are formed from the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). The four tissue types vary in terms of the structure and function o ...
... 4.3 (Body Membranes) has been inserted because these structures are composed of an epithelial sheet and an underlying connective tissue layer. Tissues are formed from the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). The four tissue types vary in terms of the structure and function o ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends through minimal
... not only at telomeres but also throughout heterochromatin and at many euchromatic loci, whereas terminin proteins are specifically enriched at telomeres throughout the cell cycle and are involved in chromosome-end protection. Capping proteins are essential for viability, and loss-of-function mutants ...
... not only at telomeres but also throughout heterochromatin and at many euchromatic loci, whereas terminin proteins are specifically enriched at telomeres throughout the cell cycle and are involved in chromosome-end protection. Capping proteins are essential for viability, and loss-of-function mutants ...
The role of lymphatics in renal inflammation
... number of lymphatics decreases. No lymphatic vessels are present in normal renal medulla [54, 58]. It was hypothesized that fluid from the medullary interstitium moves to lymphatics associated with arcuate or possibly interlobar blood vessels. ...
... number of lymphatics decreases. No lymphatic vessels are present in normal renal medulla [54, 58]. It was hypothesized that fluid from the medullary interstitium moves to lymphatics associated with arcuate or possibly interlobar blood vessels. ...
Mycobacterial hypersensitivity pneumonitis + requires TLR9–MyD88 in lung CD11b + cells
... avium. This hypothesis was supported by an animal model in which mice were exposed intranasally to killed M. avium on three consecutive days per week for 3 weeks (fig. 2). We used M. avium isolated from the sputum of the patient with hot tub lung disease, referred to as the HP strain, which had been ...
... avium. This hypothesis was supported by an animal model in which mice were exposed intranasally to killed M. avium on three consecutive days per week for 3 weeks (fig. 2). We used M. avium isolated from the sputum of the patient with hot tub lung disease, referred to as the HP strain, which had been ...
Molecular mechanism of protrusion formation during Listeria Keith Ireton Luciano A. Rigano
... the host plasma membrane. Such decreased tension may augment Listeria spread by removing an inward force that would otherwise oppose bacterial protrusions. Host Tuba, N-WASP, and Cdc42 can be therefore viewed as a junctional regulatory system that has the potential to restrict bacterial spread. By u ...
... the host plasma membrane. Such decreased tension may augment Listeria spread by removing an inward force that would otherwise oppose bacterial protrusions. Host Tuba, N-WASP, and Cdc42 can be therefore viewed as a junctional regulatory system that has the potential to restrict bacterial spread. By u ...
PDF
... For semi-quantitative RT-PCR, hermaphrodites were synchronized at the L4 stage and irradiated with 100 Gy 24 hours post the L4 stage. Total RNA was isolated from 200 animals 3 hours post-irradiation using Trizol (Invitrogen) and purified by chloroform extraction and isopropanol precipitation. 1 g o ...
... For semi-quantitative RT-PCR, hermaphrodites were synchronized at the L4 stage and irradiated with 100 Gy 24 hours post the L4 stage. Total RNA was isolated from 200 animals 3 hours post-irradiation using Trizol (Invitrogen) and purified by chloroform extraction and isopropanol precipitation. 1 g o ...
Transport functions and physiological significance of 76 kDa Ral
... in LPO leading to the formation of toxic products including 4-HNE. It has been suggested that MRP1 may contribute to drug resistance by transporting GS-HNE. While this may be true for some cell types it appears that other transporters, including RLIP76, may play a major role in these mechanisms (Awa ...
... in LPO leading to the formation of toxic products including 4-HNE. It has been suggested that MRP1 may contribute to drug resistance by transporting GS-HNE. While this may be true for some cell types it appears that other transporters, including RLIP76, may play a major role in these mechanisms (Awa ...
Glycosyltransferase activity of Fringe modulates
... of Notch and alters the ability of Notch to bind its ligand Delta. Fringe catalyses the addition of N-acetylglucosamine to fucose, which is consistent with a role in the elongation of O-linked fucose O-glycosylation that is associated with EGF repeats. We suggest that cell-type-specific modification ...
... of Notch and alters the ability of Notch to bind its ligand Delta. Fringe catalyses the addition of N-acetylglucosamine to fucose, which is consistent with a role in the elongation of O-linked fucose O-glycosylation that is associated with EGF repeats. We suggest that cell-type-specific modification ...
Chapter 4
... Cilia are also found on some epithelium cells. They line the respiratory tract to move mucus. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Cilia are also found on some epithelium cells. They line the respiratory tract to move mucus. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.