tnf-alpha stimulated activation of mmp
... disc degeneration in vivo [3]. Among the enzymes known to be activated by TNFα, MMP-2 (gelatinase-A) is thought to contribute to the progression of degeneration and to the induction of neovascularization that occurs in the early stages of disc degeneration. In this study, we investigated if TNFα fun ...
... disc degeneration in vivo [3]. Among the enzymes known to be activated by TNFα, MMP-2 (gelatinase-A) is thought to contribute to the progression of degeneration and to the induction of neovascularization that occurs in the early stages of disc degeneration. In this study, we investigated if TNFα fun ...
Name
... extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs and thermal vents in the ocean floor. Archaebacteria are thought to be some of the oldest life forms on earth. Most bacteria are heterotrophic and don't make their own food. That means they have to rely on other organisms to provide them with food. These ...
... extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs and thermal vents in the ocean floor. Archaebacteria are thought to be some of the oldest life forms on earth. Most bacteria are heterotrophic and don't make their own food. That means they have to rely on other organisms to provide them with food. These ...
Molecular Pathways: Tumor Cells Co-opt the Brain
... (OXPHOS; refs. 1, 2). His observation of this phenomenon led Warburg to propose that mitochondrial dysfunction is the primary cause of cancer. Subsequent studies have shown that tumor cells exhibit several additional metabolic differences from normal cells, including an increased rate of glucose upt ...
... (OXPHOS; refs. 1, 2). His observation of this phenomenon led Warburg to propose that mitochondrial dysfunction is the primary cause of cancer. Subsequent studies have shown that tumor cells exhibit several additional metabolic differences from normal cells, including an increased rate of glucose upt ...
Gram cell staining
... peptidoglican cell wall and no membrane on the outside of their cell wall (and contains additional substances, such as teichoic acids, polymers composed of glycerol or ribitol). Gram negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) on membrane that covers the cell wall and this membrane preve ...
... peptidoglican cell wall and no membrane on the outside of their cell wall (and contains additional substances, such as teichoic acids, polymers composed of glycerol or ribitol). Gram negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) on membrane that covers the cell wall and this membrane preve ...
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis: The Mechanism of
... ADCP, yet the mAb being compared to the innovator had a completely different MOA—ADCC was not relevant, but ADCP was significantly enhanced. Therefore, it is understandable that regulators want a more complete picture of potential pathways that therapeutic antibodies are using to generate a specific ...
... ADCP, yet the mAb being compared to the innovator had a completely different MOA—ADCC was not relevant, but ADCP was significantly enhanced. Therefore, it is understandable that regulators want a more complete picture of potential pathways that therapeutic antibodies are using to generate a specific ...
Lymphatic System / Immunity
... 4. Gastric juice: contains concentrated HCl and protein digesting enzymes that destroy pathogens in stomach 5. Acid mantle of vagina: inhibits growth of bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract 6. Lacrimal secretions (tears)/saliva: continuously lubricate and cleanse eyes (tears) and oral cav ...
... 4. Gastric juice: contains concentrated HCl and protein digesting enzymes that destroy pathogens in stomach 5. Acid mantle of vagina: inhibits growth of bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract 6. Lacrimal secretions (tears)/saliva: continuously lubricate and cleanse eyes (tears) and oral cav ...
Syllabus
... Membrane Structure (Chapter 10), p. 565-586 (to Bacteriorhodopsin) (22 pages) p. 590-594(to "Problem") (5 pages) Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Electrical Properties of Membranes (Chapter 11), p. 615. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting (Chapter 12) p 641-658 (to Mitochondr ...
... Membrane Structure (Chapter 10), p. 565-586 (to Bacteriorhodopsin) (22 pages) p. 590-594(to "Problem") (5 pages) Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Electrical Properties of Membranes (Chapter 11), p. 615. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting (Chapter 12) p 641-658 (to Mitochondr ...
Mitochondrial distribution and function in herpes simplex virus
... levels, in 186 and KOS cells at 3, 6 and 9 h p.i., respectively), but ATP declined significantly from 12 h p.i. (53 and 67, 51 and 44, 45 and 42 % at 12, 15 and 18 h p.i.) (Fig. 2 c). Cells can also generate ATP by glycolysis, starting with glucose and converting it into lactate. Although the reacti ...
... levels, in 186 and KOS cells at 3, 6 and 9 h p.i., respectively), but ATP declined significantly from 12 h p.i. (53 and 67, 51 and 44, 45 and 42 % at 12, 15 and 18 h p.i.) (Fig. 2 c). Cells can also generate ATP by glycolysis, starting with glucose and converting it into lactate. Although the reacti ...
Cilia and Flagella: The Basics
... Exploring the World of Optics and Microscopy. micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/ciliaandflagella/ciliaandflagella.html “How important is endosymbiosis?” Understanding Evolution. University of California Museum of Paleontology and National Center for Science ...
... Exploring the World of Optics and Microscopy. micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/ciliaandflagella/ciliaandflagella.html “How important is endosymbiosis?” Understanding Evolution. University of California Museum of Paleontology and National Center for Science ...
5.4 Asexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction
... organism; does not involve fusion of gametes • Advantages to species: Can be more efficient if organisms well suited to environment. All organisms can potentially reproduce. Organisms do not need to spend resources finding or attracting a mate. • Disadvantages to species: All organisms respond same ...
... organism; does not involve fusion of gametes • Advantages to species: Can be more efficient if organisms well suited to environment. All organisms can potentially reproduce. Organisms do not need to spend resources finding or attracting a mate. • Disadvantages to species: All organisms respond same ...
The septins: roles in cytokinesis and other processes Mark S
... or in the likely locations in animal systems (for example, see [27-33]). (One possible exception is the periodic densities seen in the intercellular bridges that persist after division of some embryonic Drosophila cells [34]; these densities might represent cross-sections of structures comparable to ...
... or in the likely locations in animal systems (for example, see [27-33]). (One possible exception is the periodic densities seen in the intercellular bridges that persist after division of some embryonic Drosophila cells [34]; these densities might represent cross-sections of structures comparable to ...
Organization of the Animal Body
... substances while facilitating the passage of others. For land-dwelling vertebrates, the relative impermeability of the surface epithelium (the epidermis) to water offers essential protection from dehydration and from airborne pathogens (disease-causing organisms). On the other hand, the epithelial l ...
... substances while facilitating the passage of others. For land-dwelling vertebrates, the relative impermeability of the surface epithelium (the epidermis) to water offers essential protection from dehydration and from airborne pathogens (disease-causing organisms). On the other hand, the epithelial l ...
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
... excised grow plants and are economically feasible only under limited circum them to the sterile solution. stances. Most plant production for that the They found, however, to use the excised root tips did not grow. They man's benefit continues soil as the source and substrate of added such as complex ...
... excised grow plants and are economically feasible only under limited circum them to the sterile solution. stances. Most plant production for that the They found, however, to use the excised root tips did not grow. They man's benefit continues soil as the source and substrate of added such as complex ...
Lec 06 - Development of e
... cultures can be used for inducing somatic embryogenesis and the preparation of artificial seeds, induction of somatic mutation, and selection of mutants by screening the cells just like microbial cultures. The main application of plant cell-suspension cultures is that it can be used for the bioprod ...
... cultures can be used for inducing somatic embryogenesis and the preparation of artificial seeds, induction of somatic mutation, and selection of mutants by screening the cells just like microbial cultures. The main application of plant cell-suspension cultures is that it can be used for the bioprod ...
Identification and Cloning of a New Gene (2A3-2)
... Figure 2. Northern blot analysis with the 2A3-2 cDNA band. A, The 2A3-2 gene is upregulated in proliferating (V8) but not synthetic cells (P9). Quantification of 2A3-2 signals, reported to the b-actin levels, showed a 4-fold increase in the P200 compared with the P9 cells. This increased expression ...
... Figure 2. Northern blot analysis with the 2A3-2 cDNA band. A, The 2A3-2 gene is upregulated in proliferating (V8) but not synthetic cells (P9). Quantification of 2A3-2 signals, reported to the b-actin levels, showed a 4-fold increase in the P200 compared with the P9 cells. This increased expression ...
Editorial What is the true resting potential of small cells?
... intracellular phases of the membrane. However, membrane potentials measured with such an optical method can be altered if the dye is not equally distributed in the cytoplasm or accumulates in cell organelles. Moreover, membrane resistance measurements which require the injection into the cell of a d ...
... intracellular phases of the membrane. However, membrane potentials measured with such an optical method can be altered if the dye is not equally distributed in the cytoplasm or accumulates in cell organelles. Moreover, membrane resistance measurements which require the injection into the cell of a d ...
Chapter 3 - Cell Structure and Function
... gives them a relatively large ratio of surface area to volume, facilitating the transfer of substances. The shapes of cells may vary, and a cell’s shape generally suits its function. • Cells are diverse, but all cells contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA. • Prokaryotic cells are ...
... gives them a relatively large ratio of surface area to volume, facilitating the transfer of substances. The shapes of cells may vary, and a cell’s shape generally suits its function. • Cells are diverse, but all cells contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA. • Prokaryotic cells are ...
Cellular Structure and Function
... all organisms are made of one or more cells, all the life functions of organisms occur within cells, and all cells come from already existing cells. • All cells are very small because they need to pass substances across their surface. Their small size gives them a relatively large ratio of surface a ...
... all organisms are made of one or more cells, all the life functions of organisms occur within cells, and all cells come from already existing cells. • All cells are very small because they need to pass substances across their surface. Their small size gives them a relatively large ratio of surface a ...
Plasma cell - World Health Organization
... • eliminate intracellular microbes that survive within phagocytes or other infected cells ...
... • eliminate intracellular microbes that survive within phagocytes or other infected cells ...
Full Text
... to suppress feed intake, introduced the concept of the adipocyte as an endocrine organ. A number of other endocrine substances are produced by the adipocyte (e.g., resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, adenosine). The physiological function of many of these adipocyte-produced signals is ye ...
... to suppress feed intake, introduced the concept of the adipocyte as an endocrine organ. A number of other endocrine substances are produced by the adipocyte (e.g., resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, adenosine). The physiological function of many of these adipocyte-produced signals is ye ...
E- Reproduction and Genetics
... Female poultry repro Vent- place where eggs pass out of the hen’s body (outside opening) Egg- Function is repro but is eaten as food Incubation for chicken eggs is 21 days ...
... Female poultry repro Vent- place where eggs pass out of the hen’s body (outside opening) Egg- Function is repro but is eaten as food Incubation for chicken eggs is 21 days ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.