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Cellular Chemical Reactions
Cellular Chemical Reactions

...  All matter in the universe- living and nonliving- can be ...
SESSION 2: CELLS - THE BASIC UNITS OF LIFE
SESSION 2: CELLS - THE BASIC UNITS OF LIFE

... Cytoplasm is a granular, semi-gel fluid that fills the cell and suspends the organelles. Many useful substances and waste products are found in the cytoplasm. Other substances have larger molecules that will not dissolve and therefore are suspended in the gel-like cytoplasm. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E ...
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... 3. How does the cytosol differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? The cytosols of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in that the cytosol of eukaryotic cells is compartmentalized into organelles that separated different area of metabolism and increase efficiency. 4. What cell part specializes in packagin ...
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... 7. A process by which cells use energy to transport a 8. a. The process by which plant cells use light, large particle, such as a large protein molecule, water, and carbon dioxide to make food. through a cell membrane into the cytoplasm. b. Green plants use energy from sunlight to unite water and ca ...
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... • A series of interconnected tubules • No ribosomes on surface • Lipids assembled inside tubules • Smooth ER contains enzymes, and may store some cell chemicals. – Smooth ER of liver inactivates wastes, drugs – Sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle is specialized to store Ca+2 ...
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... ribosomes within the cell. They are made up of 60 percent RNA and 40 percent protein. Ribosomes are tiny organelles Lysosomes- (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place. ...
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Biology 12 - The Cell – REVIEW WORKSHEET

provides shape, structure and support for plant cells carries out
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Cells and Tissues

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< 1 ... 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 ... 1009 >

Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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