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CHAPTER - 8 CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER - 8 CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

... The number of cells in a tall tree or an animal like an elephant or human being are billions and trillions of cells. Organisms made up of many cells are called multicellular organisms. Eg: a tree, an elephant. Organisms made up of only one cell are called unicellular organisms. ...
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CHAPTER - 8 CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER - 8 CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

... The number of cells in a tall tree or an animal like an elephant or human being are billions and trillions of cells. Organisms made up of many cells are called multicellular organisms. Eg: a tree, an elephant. Organisms made up of only one cell are called unicellular organisms. ...
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The Human Cell Membrane

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... 12. Some prokaryotic cells include an exterior layer of a complex sugar compound called a capsule. 13. Ribosomes carry out protein production, and they do not include an exterior membrane. 14. Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells and are between one and ten micrometers in size. 15. Flagella oc ...
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Unit 2 Section 3 Answer Key - WAHS

... Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell’s cytoplasm. The ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports ...
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... 13. What is the function of the chloroplasts? _____A green structure where the energy from sunlight is used to produce food for the plant___________________________________ 14. What is chlorophyll? _____A green chemical in plant cells that allows plants to use the Sun’s energy to make food. Chloroph ...
CELL FEATURES (SECTION 3-2)
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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