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Bio102 Problems
Bio102 Problems

Name and Surname:
Name and Surname:

... Prof Piacentini has received 9 grants from the Europen Commission for a total of about 3 Millions Euro: National and International agencies: Since 1988 Prof. Piacentini has obtained numerous research grants from the following national agencies for a total of 3.5 millions Euro: Journal reviewer for: ...
Carbon and Macromolecules
Carbon and Macromolecules

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Bacterial Structure
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... binding sites in the mRNA, which allows it to initiate DNA Translation, and catalyzes amino acid additions to ultimately result in protein. If plasmids or phage in the cell that replicate in the cytoplasm, they basically do the same thing as this. They look just like the DNA, only smaller, and are r ...
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chromosomes - Ms. Dooley`s Science Class

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the immune system phagocytosis antibody

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Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

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Reading- HONC While You`re CLPN

... proteins control the physical characteristics of cells. There are two nucleic acid polymers: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The function of DNA is to store genetic information. RNA, however, is directly involved in making proteins. Nucleic acids are made up of monomers calle ...
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... phagocytes. After 10-14 days of infection cell mediated immunity responses develop and host macrophages acquire an increased capacity to kill the intracellular bacilli. In the centre of these cellmediated immune responses are lymphocytes, which release a range of cytokines, among which interferon ga ...
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AP Mitosis Worksheet Ch. 12

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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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