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Exposing Student Misconceptions about Cellular Structure
Exposing Student Misconceptions about Cellular Structure

... the nature and function of proteins and the specialization of organelles within the cell, including the cell membrane. Driver, et al. (1994), a leader in misconception research, has discovered that students often confuse the concepts of molecules and cells. Often times, students have a very general ...
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... 24. (10 points) Mitochondria play a critical role in the process of intrinsic programmed cell death. Briefly describe the role that they play and the molecules involved from initiation of the process to the activation of executioner caspases. Bax and Bak bind to the outer mitochondrial membrane for ...
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... regulating the degradation of specific proteins. Such a regulatory role is very important. Ub functions in an ATP-dependent fashion. But why is this? We don't need energy to hydrolyze proteins. The reason ATP is required is because machinery is needed to specifically target the proteins that need to ...
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Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle
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... A cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information is called its genome. Although a prokaryotic genome is often a single DNA molecule, eukaryotic genomes usually consist of a number of DNA molecules. The overall length of DNA in a eukaryotic cell is enormous. --the DNA molecules in a cell are packag ...
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Technical data sheet

... fusion of ER and Golgi membranes. Clone 4G9 has been shown to be useful for western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining of human p97/VCP protein. ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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