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Contraction of Rabbit Psoas Muscle
Contraction of Rabbit Psoas Muscle

Project Details - School of Biomedical Sciences
Project Details - School of Biomedical Sciences

... Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) is a semi-essential amino acid, which is not incorporated into proteins. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-p ...
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biochem ch 45 [9-2
biochem ch 45 [9-2

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Chapters 5, 7, 11, 17 ppt

... 19 have the same general structure: central (a) carbon, an amino group, carboxylate group, hydrogen atom, and an R group (proline is the exception) At pH 7, the carboxyl group is in its conjugate base form (-COO-) while the amino group is its conjugate acid form (NH3+); therefore, it is amphoteric ...
Induction of fungal cell wall stress
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... Humulus lupulus flowers and Tectona grandis sawdust were extracted with chloroformmethanol (CHCl3-MeOH, 1:1) as described in Chapter 3. The isolation of active compounds from T. grandis extract is described in Chapter 4. Three transgenic A. niger strains were developed by the Fungal Genetics Group, ...
Depletion of Calcium from the Lumen of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Depletion of Calcium from the Lumen of Endoplasmic Reticulum

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... unfavorable. They can, however, redirect their growth to position stems, roots, leaves, and flowers towards the best possible locations. Shoots grow towards light, maximizing photosynthetic activity. Roots point down along the gravity vector and can be attracted to areas of higher moisture or nutrien ...
Centrosome Biology: A SAS-sy Centriole in the Cell Cycle Dispatch
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A Long Twentieth Century of Review the Cell

... that DNA replication occurs during a restricted part of interphase called S phase. This work led to the eukaryotic cell cycle being divided into S phase and M phase or mitosis, with the gap before S phase being called G1 and after S phase G2 (Mitchison, 1971). In prokaryotes, chromosome replication ...
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... and II and decreased the intracellular solute space by 50%. These effects of sorbitol were reversible: Photosynthetic activity and cytoplasmic volume returned to the original values after removal of the osmotic stress. A blocker of water channels prevented the osmotic-stress-induced inactivation and ...
Intracellular Redox Compartmentation and ROS
Intracellular Redox Compartmentation and ROS

... Together with peroxisomes, which generate superoxide and H2O2 through multiple reactions, chloroplasts and mitochondria are the metabolic ROS powerhouses of plant cells (Foyer and Noctor, 2003). Because of their high capacity for ROS generation, it is often assumed that these organelles can accumula ...
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TORC2 Signaling is Antagonized by Protein Phosphatase

... (Inoki et al. 2005; Wullschleger et al. 2006; Zoncu et al. 2011). The TOR kinase is inhibited by the complex of rapamycin and Fpr1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. The TOR kinase is conserved in eukaryotes. Unlike fungal species, which may possess two TOR kinases, higher eukaryotes such as h ...
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... Fucus serratus [9]), and finally mammals [10]. The majority of unequal divisions create cells different in size. Most importantly, however, daughter cells inherit distinct cell-fate determinants that drive their diverse developmental programmes. The two main requirements for a successful asymmetric ...
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... This V44M mutation of Cx46 is located in the extracellular loop domain, a common site of human connexin mutations associated with disease. Connexins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then transported to the Golgi complex (Musil and Goodenough 1991; Falk et al. 1994). Studies on C ...
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... disorders of the immune and inflammatory system. As a result, the system has become a platform for drug targeting, and mechanism-based drugs are currently developed, one of them is already on the market. ...
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A New Model of the Human Atrial Myocyte with Variable T

... Atrial tissues were obtained from 16 consenting patients in sinus rhythm undergoing cardiac surgery. Procedures and experiments involving human atrial cells were approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Service (REC: 99MC002). Tissues were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde then cryoprotected over ...
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Biosynthesis and properties of the plant cell wall Wolf

... the cellulose-binding hemicelluloses, and pectins. The ...
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A Dictyostelium Mutant with Reduced Lysozyme Levels

... Over time the mutant gained the ability to internalize bacteria more efficiently, so that the defect in digestion was compensated by increased uptake of food particles. ...
An in silico analysis of the mitochondrial protein import apparatus of
An in silico analysis of the mitochondrial protein import apparatus of

... structures, the proposed presence of cytosolic targeting factors and even targeting of mRNA to the surface of organelles, may all combine to achieve the observed specificity of protein targeting [21,22]. There is a mechanistic difference between recognition of targeting signals by preprotein recepto ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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