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Quiz Show A
Quiz Show A

... the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show? ...
Paramecium Paramecium are unicellular protozoans classified in
Paramecium Paramecium are unicellular protozoans classified in

... quiet or stagnant ponds and are an essential part of the food chain. They feed on algae scum and other microorganisms, and other small organisms eat them. All members move by tiny hair-like projections called cilia. Color all cilia black. The paramecium cannot change its shape like the amoeba becaus ...
The Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Shaping Bacterial Cells
The Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Shaping Bacterial Cells

... called the divisome that assembles at the prospective division site. The cytoskeletal proteins FtsZ and FtsA are critical for initiating divisome assembly. FtsZ polymers assemble into a ring-like structure, termed the Z-ring, along with several FtsZ-interacting proteins, including FtsA, underneath t ...
Oxidative Stress: Antagonistic Signaling for
Oxidative Stress: Antagonistic Signaling for

RNA-dependent disassembly of nuclear bodies
RNA-dependent disassembly of nuclear bodies

... body; PNB, prenucleolar body; pre-rRNA, precursor ribosomal RNA; rRNA, ribosomal RNA; shRNA, short hairpin RNA. ...
polyribosomes
polyribosomes

... Conveys specific amino acids to site of protein syn thesis. Each amino acid has its own type of transfel RNA. ...
PDF
PDF

... TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE: WALLS OF UNUSUAL POLYMERS The Trebouxiophyceae consists of an assemblage of primarily freshwater and terrestrial forms that exhibit diverse phenotypes ranging from unicells to colonies to filaments as well as representing most of the photobiont green algae of lichens (e.g., Trebouxi ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria

... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
the cell cycle of symbiotic chlorella
the cell cycle of symbiotic chlorella

... correlated with the length of time the host had been starved and hence, presumably, the increase in mother cell DNA content (Table 2), rather than mother cell size. Residence within green hydra digestive cells appears to cause fundamental alterations in the cell cycle of the symbiotic Chlorella. Flo ...
Identification of a Cell Cycle-Related Cene, Cyclin, in Nicotiana
Identification of a Cell Cycle-Related Cene, Cyclin, in Nicotiana

Nuclear and nucleolar targeting of human ribosomal protein
Nuclear and nucleolar targeting of human ribosomal protein

... human immunode®ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) (Siomi et al., 1988, 1990; Kubota et al., 1989; Dang and Lee, 1989). The functional signi®cance of the nucleolar localization of these proteins is still controversial, although a possible role of the nucleolus ...
The Bcl-3 oncoprotein acts as a bridging factor between NF
The Bcl-3 oncoprotein acts as a bridging factor between NF

... Tip60, Bard1 or Jab1 together with p50 and Bcl-3 in Drosophila SL2 cells and assayed activation of a Pselectin promoter-luciferase reporter. A cis-regulating NF-kB site in this promoter is preferentially bound by p50 or p52 and can be activated by p50-Bcl-3 in BAEC or SL2 cells (Hirano et al., 1998; ...
Purifying rfp Protein
Purifying rfp Protein

... amino acid chain that is responsible for its overall conformation or molecular shape, with hydrophobic regions “hiding” in the interior of the molecule and water-loving regions on the outside. Buffer Column It’s important for you to know mFP that a bacterial cell contains many Hydrophobic different ...
Rearrangement of the Keratin Cytoskeleton after Combined
Rearrangement of the Keratin Cytoskeleton after Combined

... cytochalasin D in inducing keratin rearrangement. Both cytochalasin B and cytochalasin D were effective in combination with demecolcine or vinblastine sulfate (Table 1). Cytochalasin D in combination with fl-lumicolchicine had a markedly reduced effect on the organization of cytokeratins (Table 1) . ...
Inside A Cell
Inside A Cell

... • The cell membrane is the thin layer around the cell that holds organelles in place. • Cell membranes are semi-permeable, meaning that only certain particles are allowed to pass through them. • The cell membrane is the gatekeeper of the cell. • Lipids are organic compounds like fats and waxes that ...
Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) and
Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) and

... granulocyte-mac(GM-CSF), and chemotaccounterpart ...
View Full Page PDF
View Full Page PDF

... simplest self-replicating bacteria (82). These microorganisms lack a rigid cell wall and are bound by a single membrane, the plasma membrane. Wall-less bacteria were first described 100 years ago, and now over 190 species, widely distributed among humans, animals, insects and plants, are known (88). ...
Asymmetries in Cell Division, Cell Size, and Furrowing in the
Asymmetries in Cell Division, Cell Size, and Furrowing in the

... about 30 relative to the core of cytoplasm and away from the SEP (Vincent et al. 1986). The resulting shear modifies the pigment distribution at the equator, producing a gray crescent, which corresponds to the embryo presumptive dorsal side. The gray crescent is also observed in some other amphibia ...
Original Article Detection of Mycoplasma
Original Article Detection of Mycoplasma

Sexual Reproduction in Higher Plants I: Fertilization and Zygotic
Sexual Reproduction in Higher Plants I: Fertilization and Zygotic

... Torenia fournieri, which has a naked embryo sac, provides an excellent model for examining and manipulating the fertilization process directly (Higashiyama et al. 2001; Higashiyama 2002). Using this plant, it has been observed in living situation that when pollen tube reaches the micropylar end of t ...
Epithelia and integration in sponges
Epithelia and integration in sponges

... phyla, sponges are at the lower end. ‘‘Simple’’ implies being constructed of fewer parts with less hierarchical organization. In fact, sponges are usually described as lacking organs, tissues, nerves, muscle, and even epithelia. However, not only is this view not very useful for understanding what c ...
Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins
Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins

... reflected in these variations. Much is currently known about the structure and metabolic regulation of the various cell wall components, but relatively little is known about their precise functions and intermolecular interactions. In this review, I will discuss the accumulated structural and regulat ...
Pumping Protons against Gradients into a Plant Vacuole
Pumping Protons against Gradients into a Plant Vacuole

... A vacuole is a compartment in cells in which water and various molecules are stored.1 In plants, a vacuole typically occupies most of the cell volume and is vital to plant life. One important function of a vacuole is to store protons transported from the cytoplasm, which maintains the pH of the cyto ...
Anemia - med.muni
Anemia - med.muni

... iron from the heme units are salvaged and reused, whereas the bulk of the heme unit is converted to bilirubin, the pigment of bile. ...
histology of muscles
histology of muscles

... 5. Sarcomere: the contractile or functional unit of muscle There are specialized invaginations of the sarcolemma that run transversely across the cell known as T tubules (transverse tubules). Terminal Cisternae are sac-like regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The terminal cisternae act as calcium ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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