Title The molecular architecture of the plant nuclear
... © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. ...
... © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. ...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes use different proteins
... 2001) contain C-terminal signals for translocation into plant cells mediated by the VirB/D4 type IV secretion system (Fig. 1). VirE2 contains two NLSs (Citovsky et al., 1992; Zupan et al., 1996), whereas GALLS-FL contains a single bipartite NLS (Fig. 1) (Hodges et al., 2004), which is important for ...
... 2001) contain C-terminal signals for translocation into plant cells mediated by the VirB/D4 type IV secretion system (Fig. 1). VirE2 contains two NLSs (Citovsky et al., 1992; Zupan et al., 1996), whereas GALLS-FL contains a single bipartite NLS (Fig. 1) (Hodges et al., 2004), which is important for ...
Cell Processes: Nernst Potential
... gates. Once a channel is open, ions are free to move in both directions - but the NET movement of ions will be down a gradient. (More on that later.) 2. By a pump: Membranes also contain tiny ATP-driven protein pumps. When these pumps operate, the energy stored in ATP is used to move ions in ONE dir ...
... gates. Once a channel is open, ions are free to move in both directions - but the NET movement of ions will be down a gradient. (More on that later.) 2. By a pump: Membranes also contain tiny ATP-driven protein pumps. When these pumps operate, the energy stored in ATP is used to move ions in ONE dir ...
DLG5 in Cell Polarity Maintenance and Cancer Development
... phosphor-peptide-binding modules, which play roles in diverse cellular processes by interacting with proteins, such as mitotic spindle regulatory protein LDN [25]. ZO1 and DLG5 lack residues essential for phosphate recognition in their GUK domain [11]. Studies have revealed that DLG5, DLG1 and ZO1 h ...
... phosphor-peptide-binding modules, which play roles in diverse cellular processes by interacting with proteins, such as mitotic spindle regulatory protein LDN [25]. ZO1 and DLG5 lack residues essential for phosphate recognition in their GUK domain [11]. Studies have revealed that DLG5, DLG1 and ZO1 h ...
BIOLOGY
... for transport to a particular cellular organelle in a process known as protein sorting. An example of this is the hormone insulin, which is made as preproinsulin. After removal of the 24-amino-acid signal peptide from preproinsulin to form proinsulin, the latter polypeptide is further processed in t ...
... for transport to a particular cellular organelle in a process known as protein sorting. An example of this is the hormone insulin, which is made as preproinsulin. After removal of the 24-amino-acid signal peptide from preproinsulin to form proinsulin, the latter polypeptide is further processed in t ...
Immunity Cells Programmed by Mediators of Type 1 Nanotube
... IFN (7), and activated NK cells (8), respond to CD40L by producing enhanced levels of IL-12p70, a key driving factor of Th1-biased cellular immunity (9). Conversely, standard or type 2 polarized DC (DC2) (2), such as those matured in the presence of histamines or PGE2 (3, 10), drive Th2-biased respo ...
... IFN (7), and activated NK cells (8), respond to CD40L by producing enhanced levels of IL-12p70, a key driving factor of Th1-biased cellular immunity (9). Conversely, standard or type 2 polarized DC (DC2) (2), such as those matured in the presence of histamines or PGE2 (3, 10), drive Th2-biased respo ...
J., Schornack, S., Spallek, T., Geldner, N., Chory
... expansion by fusion to the plasma membrane at the collar region followed by sorting at the neckband (An et al., 2006a; Meyer et al., 2009). Alternatively, the EHM could form directly from fusing secretory vesicles since ER/Golgi-type vesicles accumulate at the penetration site of the growing haustor ...
... expansion by fusion to the plasma membrane at the collar region followed by sorting at the neckband (An et al., 2006a; Meyer et al., 2009). Alternatively, the EHM could form directly from fusing secretory vesicles since ER/Golgi-type vesicles accumulate at the penetration site of the growing haustor ...
Exit from dormancy in microbial organisms
... response to micromolar concentrations of peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides consisting of a disaccharide–tripeptide with a meso-diaminopimelic acid (m-DAP) residue at the third position of the stem peptide15 (FIG. 1a). Growing bacteria, especially Gram-positive species, release large quantities of p ...
... response to micromolar concentrations of peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides consisting of a disaccharide–tripeptide with a meso-diaminopimelic acid (m-DAP) residue at the third position of the stem peptide15 (FIG. 1a). Growing bacteria, especially Gram-positive species, release large quantities of p ...
Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... These studies led to the emerging concept that mitochondria are signaling organelles either through the release of proteins, ROS, or metabolites, or by serving as a scaffold to configure signaling complexes (Figure 2). In the new millennium, multiple other mechanisms have been uncovered by which mit ...
... These studies led to the emerging concept that mitochondria are signaling organelles either through the release of proteins, ROS, or metabolites, or by serving as a scaffold to configure signaling complexes (Figure 2). In the new millennium, multiple other mechanisms have been uncovered by which mit ...
The ts111 Mutation of Paramecium tetraurelia Affects a
... and excess of ions, mainly Ca+2. Proton gradient drives chemiosmotically the transfer of water and ions into the contractile vacuole using the V-type H+-ATPase as an active transporter (FOK et al. 1995; 2002). They then expel its contents periodically by exocytosis through the vacuole pores. In Para ...
... and excess of ions, mainly Ca+2. Proton gradient drives chemiosmotically the transfer of water and ions into the contractile vacuole using the V-type H+-ATPase as an active transporter (FOK et al. 1995; 2002). They then expel its contents periodically by exocytosis through the vacuole pores. In Para ...
PCM-1, A 228-kD Centrosome Autoantigen with a Distinct Cell Cycle
... and Schliwa, 1993). Although not well characterized at the molecular level, it has been well established that the pericentriolar material (PCM)' is essential for centrosome function. Studies in which PCM was experimentally dissociated from the centrioles demonstrated that it is the PCM, and not the ...
... and Schliwa, 1993). Although not well characterized at the molecular level, it has been well established that the pericentriolar material (PCM)' is essential for centrosome function. Studies in which PCM was experimentally dissociated from the centrioles demonstrated that it is the PCM, and not the ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... periplasmic space by the assistance of the type III secretion apparatus, which uses ATP. Unfolded effector proteins associate with the growing Hrp pilus within the type III apparatus and are transported like a cargo on a conveyor belt within the lumen of the pilus. Secretion of effector proteins ...
... periplasmic space by the assistance of the type III secretion apparatus, which uses ATP. Unfolded effector proteins associate with the growing Hrp pilus within the type III apparatus and are transported like a cargo on a conveyor belt within the lumen of the pilus. Secretion of effector proteins ...
Document
... in RPMI media display immense outer envelope damage compared to normal cultures. When grown in the presence of human sera or H20, the blebs and round bodies increased to significant levels. These results indicated that when the Borrelia is exposed to unfavourable conditions such as human sera, the a ...
... in RPMI media display immense outer envelope damage compared to normal cultures. When grown in the presence of human sera or H20, the blebs and round bodies increased to significant levels. These results indicated that when the Borrelia is exposed to unfavourable conditions such as human sera, the a ...
Evolutionary Gain of Function for the ER Membrane
... Because of similarity to their yeast orthologues, the two membrane proteins of the human endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Sec62 and Sec63 are expected to play a role in protein biogenesis in the ER. We characterized interactions between these two proteins as well as the putative interaction of Sec62 with ...
... Because of similarity to their yeast orthologues, the two membrane proteins of the human endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Sec62 and Sec63 are expected to play a role in protein biogenesis in the ER. We characterized interactions between these two proteins as well as the putative interaction of Sec62 with ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, simply put, large conglomerates of specialized, yet discrete, cells. The generation and maintenance of intracellular and organellar disparity is largely managed by membrane proteins that permit a controlled, conti ...
... compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, simply put, large conglomerates of specialized, yet discrete, cells. The generation and maintenance of intracellular and organellar disparity is largely managed by membrane proteins that permit a controlled, conti ...
Defineation of canine parvovirus T cell epitopes with peripheral
... designated VP1, VP2' and VP2. VP2' is a protein consisting of 584 amino acids (Rhode, 1985; Reed et al., 1988; Parrish et al., 1988). VP1 is a protein with 143 additional amino acids at the N terminus of VP 2' and VP2 is the result of a proteolytic cleavage of VP2' (Paradiso et al., 1982). Since the ...
... designated VP1, VP2' and VP2. VP2' is a protein consisting of 584 amino acids (Rhode, 1985; Reed et al., 1988; Parrish et al., 1988). VP1 is a protein with 143 additional amino acids at the N terminus of VP 2' and VP2 is the result of a proteolytic cleavage of VP2' (Paradiso et al., 1982). Since the ...