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SIRT3 - Safic-Alcan Italia
SIRT3 - Safic-Alcan Italia

... sirtuins in their genomes. In yeast, roundworms, and fruit flies sir2 is the name of the sirtuin-type protein. This research started in 1991 by Leonard Guarente of MIT. Mammals possess seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7) that occupy different subcellular compartments such as the nucleus (SIRT1, 2, -6, -7), cyt ...
Reprogramming nuclei
Reprogramming nuclei

... in most cells the DNA sequence content of nuclei remains unchanged as development proceeds, the repertoire of genes that are expressed in a given cell type becomes limited. It also becomes more difficult to reactivate genes that are silenced in that cell type. This limitation is now known to reflect ...
Prolyl isomerases are important determinants of intracellular pH
Prolyl isomerases are important determinants of intracellular pH

Chapter 36 PowerPoint
Chapter 36 PowerPoint

... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Unit 2: Plant Structure & Anatomy
Unit 2: Plant Structure & Anatomy

... Epicotyl grows upward out of the soil Hypocotyl grows downward to form roots ...
Key Terms
Key Terms

... Cellular respiration is one type of chemical process that takes place in cells. All together, a cell's chemical processes make up the cell's metabolism. Because cellular respiration consists of a series of reactions, it is referred to as a metabolic pathway. A specific enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) e ...
Cellular control of cholesterol
Cellular control of cholesterol

... Plasma lipoproteins carry cholesterol and other lipids throughout the body. Major Class of Serum Lipoproteins ...
this lecture as PDF here
this lecture as PDF here

...  The word lipids is derived from the Greek word 'lipos' meaning fat.  Lipids are chemically heterogenous group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents such as chloroform.  Lipids occur in plants and animals as storage and structural components  Structural lipid ...
Two-step and one-step secretion mechanisms in Gram
Two-step and one-step secretion mechanisms in Gram

... CU fimbriae are typically encoded in individual gene clusters, where all subunits in addition to the chaperone and usher are encoded. The number of subunits varies from system to system. For instance, the Type 1 pili cluster codes for four known subunits (Fim A, F, G and H), whereas the P pili clust ...
A NIMA-related kinase, Cnk2p, regulates both
A NIMA-related kinase, Cnk2p, regulates both

Immunolocalization of maize transglutaminase and its substrates in
Immunolocalization of maize transglutaminase and its substrates in

... observations on the immature chloroplasts of maize embryogenic callus, cultured under weak light intensity, and young maize leaves (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). As in LHCII immunolabelled spinach chloroplasts, with the progress of grana formation in maize cells (differentiated embryos and adult leaves), the n ...
LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEINS IN PLANTS
LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEINS IN PLANTS

Introduction Cell Cycle
Introduction Cell Cycle

... will grow and will eventually divide when it has duplicated all its components and doubled its size. In the growth process most macromolecules are synthesized continuously, causing a gradual increase in mass, surface and volume. When the cell reaches some critical size, however, this gradual process ...
The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells
The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells

... importance, anion transporters are present in all plant cell membranes, including the plasma membrane, tonoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts (reviewed in Barbier-Brygoo et al., 2000; Roberts, 2006; de Angeli et al., 2007). The presence of the wall has hindered electrophysi ...
Compartments Target the Antigen to Distinct Intracellular B Cell
Compartments Target the Antigen to Distinct Intracellular B Cell

... The processing of exogenous Ags is an essential step for the generation of immunogenic peptides that will be presented to T cells. This processing relies on the efficient intracellular targeting of Ags, because it depends on the content of the compartments in which Ags are delivered in APCs. Opsoniz ...
[Frontiers in Bioscience, 5, d50-57, January 1, 2000] THE CONTROL
[Frontiers in Bioscience, 5, d50-57, January 1, 2000] THE CONTROL

... multisubunit complex that promotes the proteosomemediated proteolysis of key regulators of mitosis. However, very little is known about the functions of the individual APC/C components and how the function of these components is regulated. Is the activity of the APC/C an all-or-nothing mechanism ? I ...
Coca Cola
Coca Cola

... - The actin and myosin filaments remain the same length - The sarcomere length shortens because the actin and myosin filaments slide relative each other animation 16.8- myosin (compare with picture 43) ...
Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to
Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to

... Fig. 2.  Progression through G1 to S phase. The transition from G1 towards the S phase requires a decreased level of CKI proteins (green curve) in order to release CDK activity (red curve), resulting in interconnected regulation. (A) In mammals, two ubiquitin E3 ligases, at least, trigger the degrad ...
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED MAPLE
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED MAPLE

ARVO 2017 Annual Meeting Abstracts 306 Lens Physiology and
ARVO 2017 Annual Meeting Abstracts 306 Lens Physiology and

... cells remains largely unknown. Methods: Lens primary cell cultures were prepared using embryonic day-11 fertilized chicken eggs and were cultured up to 15 days with the gradual formation of lentoid body structures, an indicator of lens cell differentiation. High titer recombinant retroviruses contai ...
the role of csf1 and zfpm1 in the preimplantation mouse
the role of csf1 and zfpm1 in the preimplantation mouse

... increase their intercellular contact and lose their distinctive outlines. Accordingly, until the end of the 8-cell stage all blastomeres can be considered to be equivalent, at least in relative space. During, or shortly after, compaction the previous symmetrical 8-cell stage blastomeres become, for ...
Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen and p53 Are
Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen and p53 Are

Microbiology
Microbiology

... were obtained by fusion of the myeloma cell line X63-Ag8.653 with B-lymphocytes of l-4-month-old mice, which had been stimulated 1-5 times by immunization with live cells of 14. brasilense Sp7 (Galfre & Milstein, 1981). mAbs with high specificity for A. brasilense Sp7 were purified by hydroxylapatit ...
Finite element analysis of the pressure
Finite element analysis of the pressure

... sectioned in a Zeiss Sigma VP scanning electron microscope equipped with a Gatan 3View in-chamber ultramicrotome stage with low-kV backscattered electron detectors optimized for 3View systems. The inner wall endothelium of SC in each sample block was initially identified, and the regions of interest ...
Protein Synthesis within Dendrites: Glycosylation
Protein Synthesis within Dendrites: Glycosylation

... However, it is not known whether these organelles participate in the local synthesis and processing of proteins. The goal of the present study was to define whether the machinery for protein glycosylation is present in the dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. These are the same cells in whic ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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