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... area to volume ratio of cells – As cells grow the volume inside of the cell grows faster than the surface area available to diffuse nutrients into the cell and expel wastes out of the cell • Surface area determines rate molecules enter and leave cell • Volume determines the demand for resources need ...
F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy 4.2.1 Kidney
F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy 4.2.1 Kidney

... Anabolic steroids increase protein synthesis in cells Causes build up of tissue in the muscles Have a half life of 16 hours Gas chromatography used to detect presence of steroids Sample is vapourised with a solvent and passed down a tube Absorption agent in tube lining is analysed to make a ...
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Human body

... system, human life would not be possible. The heart is roughly the size of a fist. It contracts at an average rate of 72 times per minute or nearly 38,000,000 times in a year. These rhythmic contractions are called the pulse rate and can be felt in the radial artery of the wrist. 8. The human heart ...
Nerve Fibers
Nerve Fibers

... The ganglia are nodules that contain an aggregation of the cell bodies of neurons. There are two kinds of ganglia: 1- Spinal ganglia: They are present in the dorsal root of the spinal nerves & it also present in cranial sensory nerves, it is rounded or oval in shape surrounded from outside by a c.t. ...
HUMAN ANATOMY FSpS
HUMAN ANATOMY FSpS

... born with more bones (about 300), but many fuse together as a child grows up. These bones support your body and allow you to move. Bones contain a lot of calcium (an element found in milk, broccoli, and other foods). Bones manufacture blood cells and store important minerals. The longest bone in our ...
Slide 1 - MisterSyracuse.com
Slide 1 - MisterSyracuse.com

... Directions: This test covers material from the very beginning of the year though photosynthesis. It is designed to let you, as well as your teacher, know how you are doing. Place the letter corresponding to the correct answer on the line to the right of all multiple-choice questions. For free-respon ...
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Ch51Immunity - Environmental

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TERMINOLOGY, BODY CAVITIES, AND ORGAN SYSTEM

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Chapter 5

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Chapter 9

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Chapter 42, Part I (Circulation) Study Guide

... altering the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to specific ions, either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the membrane. ...
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Heart and Blood Information Sheet

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Cell Analogy to Hospitals - APBiology2015-2016
Cell Analogy to Hospitals - APBiology2015-2016

... needed substances like oxygen and nutrients into the cell while gets rid of wastes from the interior of the cell. Why? The plasma membrane is analogous to how a hospital functions. Like how the plasma membrane acts a selective barrier, the hospital welcomes sick patients inside and gets rid of healt ...
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1. Which organ excretes excess carbon dioxide from the blood? a

... c) Substances reabsorbed from the kidneys move directly to the liver. d) Substances filtered through the kidneys are later detoxified in the liver. 7. What happens when salt concentration reaches its threshold level in the kidney? a) Salt is no longer reabsorbed. b) Salt is broken down into sodium a ...
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... 7. Training allows a person to exercise more vigorously and for much longer time before muscle fatigue sets in. Fitness training improves your body’s efficiency in several ways: - makes your heart able to pump more blood every beat - increases the flow of blood through the muscles - increases your l ...
Michael P. Kowalski1, Vipat Raksakulthai2
Michael P. Kowalski1, Vipat Raksakulthai2

... cell cultures for drug screening since they provide a more physiologically relevant environment than two-dimensional cell cultures to screen compounds. Spheroids are a simple and well characterized, in vitro tumor model system and when derived from multiple cell types are increasingly being recogniz ...
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A Matter of Equilibrium Researchers are getting at the cell`s busy

... requires no molecular machinery at all. After all, two soap bubbles can join together without the help of proteins. But inside the cell, as these researchers have shown, taking away a piece of the membrane’s control mechanisms leads to a messy jumble of membranes, or a stand-still in vesicle creatio ...
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P2 The main tissue types of the body and the role these

... This is a uni-layered cell in humans. It lines the organs such as the stomach and big and small intestine it also lines the uterus they are put in to two categories non- ciliated and ciliated. The height is four times its width. ...
You Can’t Have One Without the Other
You Can’t Have One Without the Other

... Describe connections between the immune system and other body systems. Design an experiment to demonstrate the relationship between the circulatory and respiratory systems. Summarize the relationship between oxygen debt and muscular contractions. Create labeled drawings of the lungs and diaphragm du ...
You Can`t Have One Without the Other
You Can`t Have One Without the Other

... Describe connections between the immune system and other body systems. Design an experiment to demonstrate the relationship between the circulatory and respiratory systems. Summarize the relationship between oxygen debt and muscular contractions. Create labeled drawings of the lungs and diaphragm du ...
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Unit 11 test review KEY

... During this period, the virus is doing what to the body? The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of itself 5. If you were a research immunologist and wanted to develop an antiviral drug to work against a specific virus, what should you study about the virus? The ...
Chapter 3, Section 1
Chapter 3, Section 1

... do not have a nucleus. • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles either ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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