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Life cycle
Life cycle

... brodyzoites are released and they migrate to sub epithelial lining and develop to male and female gametocyte. Fertilization occur to form thin-walled oocysts that sporulate in the intestinal wall. Once the frail oocyst wall has burst, free sporocysts containing four sporozoites each are excreted wit ...
jan 2002
jan 2002

... positively charged axoplasm and diffusion of sodium ions into the axoplasm positively charged axoplasm and diffusion of potassium ions into the axoplasm negatively charged axoplasm and diffusion of sodium ions out of the axoplasm negatively charged axoplasm and diffusion of potassium ions out of the ...
Chapter 32 Circulation
Chapter 32 Circulation

... – Systolic pressure: blood pressure during ventricular contraction – Diastolic pressure: blood pressure during ventricular relaxation – Pulse – expansion & contraction of artery walls during heartbeat ...
What the Distribution of Cell Lengths in the Root Meristem Does and
What the Distribution of Cell Lengths in the Root Meristem Does and

... mitotic cells to length of postmitotic cells was constant, indicating a constant cell cycle duration [Equation(2)], although different cell cycle durations cannot be ruled out. This explanation accounts for the differences in cell size among ®les as arising from differences in the length of initial ...
Frog 3322 Dissection Assessment sheet
Frog 3322 Dissection Assessment sheet

... Do you have ovaries? ______________ If so carefully remove the eggs and put them in the ...
Blood - My CCSD
Blood - My CCSD

... Learning Objectives • Hemostasis:  Discuss mechanisms that control ...
The heart pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
The heart pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

... skeletal muscles through vasodilation, while blood to the digestive system would be lessened through vasoconstriction. The blood entering some capillary beds is controlled by small muscles called precapillary sphincters . A sphincter is a ringlike band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening, cons ...
NVCC Bio 212 - gserianne.com
NVCC Bio 212 - gserianne.com

... capillary, and the shared basement membrane between them Mechanisms that prevent alveoli from filling with fluid: 1) cells of alveolar wall are tightly joined together 2) the relatively high osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid draws water out of them 3) there is low pressure in the pulmonary ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Immunology
Downloaded - The Journal of Immunology

... particularly attractive strategy for ex vivo as well as in vivo elicitation of CTL responses. Recent studies have indicated that DCs loaded with EBV Ags can represent more physiological and efficient APCs for the in vitro expansion of EBV-specific T cells with respect to the EBV-transformed lymphobl ...
LESSON 5 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION The
LESSON 5 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION The

... connective tissue covering its full length. The trachea branches into the two tubes called bronchi. The singular bronchus each divide into several smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of these separate bronchioles are millions of small air sacs or alveoli. Each one of these singular alveolus ...
Control of Cell Shape in Bacteria: Helical, Actin-like
Control of Cell Shape in Bacteria: Helical, Actin-like

... gene was probably essential but the phenotypic consequences of mreB disruption were not described (Varley and Stewart, 1992). In preliminary experiments, we also were unable to obtain stable disruptants of B. subtilis mreB, by insertion either of an antibiotic resistance cassette or an integrating p ...
Cell Cycle & Mitosis
Cell Cycle & Mitosis

... eukaryotic organism uses mitosis for repair, growth, and development ...
Molecular Characterization and Functional Expression of the Human
Molecular Characterization and Functional Expression of the Human

... including embryogenesis, cellular differentiation and development, and electrotonic coupling (for review, see Bennett and Spray, 1985; Hertzberg and Johnson, 1988) In excitable tissue, gap junctions facilitate the passage of electrical activity. This electrotonic spread of current is critical to the ...
Virus & Bacteria PPt Notes
Virus & Bacteria PPt Notes

... extreme environments 2. Eubacteria – cell walls with Peptidoglycan. The bacteria that infect us! ...
Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization

... P1-Plasma membrane is semi-permeable membrane P2-cell wall is premable to all substances Cytoplasm ...
Dependency on Medium and Temperature of Cel Size and
Dependency on Medium and Temperature of Cel Size and

... are listed in Table 1. Amino acids and sugars were added after separate sterilization. All media were adjusted to pH 7.0. GTowth conditions. The organisms were grown in several hundred ml. volumes of medium through which air was constantly bubbled. Balanced growth was maintained by diluting with equ ...
Animal Diversity Handout
Animal Diversity Handout

... CHAPTERS 32, 33 AND 34 WHAT IS AN ANIMAL? ...
Janice Evans
Janice Evans

... – Fertilization / egg activation • exit from metaphase II arrest and progression into the embryonic cell cycle ...
New Title - cloudfront.net
New Title - cloudfront.net

... detected, the immune system produces millions of white blood cells, which fight the infection. Blood vessels near the wound expand, and white blood cells move from the vessels to enter the infected tissues. Many of these white blood cells are phagocytes, which engulf and destroy bacteria. The infect ...
Hyperosmotic stress-induced actin filament reorganization in leaf
Hyperosmotic stress-induced actin filament reorganization in leaf

... Average ¯uorescence intensity per unit area of either plasmolysed or control cells (arbitrary units) was plotted as a histogram using MS Excel software (Microsoft Corp.). Digital image analysis to assess differences in the AF number between different cell populations has previously been used (Hallow ...
Practice Test for Exam 4
Practice Test for Exam 4

... A) ascending limb; loop of Henle B) descending limb; loop of Henle C) ascending limb; collecting duct D) descending limb; collecting duct 60) Water is reabsorbed when _______________ is added to the apical membrane and ______________ levels increase. A) aquaporin-3; ADH B) aquaporin-2; ADH C) aquapo ...
Using light to shape chemical gradients for parallel and automated
Using light to shape chemical gradients for parallel and automated

... as a control in every well to correct for day-to-day and well-towell variability in experimental conditions. We applied our strategy systematically to 285 different siRNA pools in an arrayed one-condition-per-well format (the results of which are described below), introducing the siRNAs into PLB-985 ...
1.ESTIMATION OF PROTEIN BY LOWRY`S
1.ESTIMATION OF PROTEIN BY LOWRY`S

... 1. A culture flask containing given bacterial culture is taken and subjected to high pressure homogenization. 2. Homogenization was carried out at different atmospheric pressure of ...
Opposite Polarity of Virus Budding and of Viral Envelope
Opposite Polarity of Virus Budding and of Viral Envelope

... protein are basolaterally targeted in MDCK cells (Fuller et al., 1985b ; Roman and Garoff, 1986) . Although SFV and SV are highly related to each other and share large homologies at the DNA and the protein levels it cannot be established from the above mentioned experiments whether the opposite asse ...
Amphibian Review - Biology Junction
Amphibian Review - Biology Junction

... Which of the following keep high oxygen and low oxygen blood from mixing in the frog’s ventricle? A. The spongy irregular surface inside the heart B. The coordinated contractions of the atria C. A dividing wall to separate the ventricle into two equal halves. D. A valve in the conus arteriosus It is ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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