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gas_exchange - biologypost
gas_exchange - biologypost

... • the thinness of the diffusion barrier (alveolar and capillary walls provide a total thickness of only 0.005 mm) ...
MitoToxTM Mitochondrial toxicity application guide
MitoToxTM Mitochondrial toxicity application guide

... Mitochondria are known as the ‘powerhouses of the cell’ that control energy production. Following cellular insult, mitochondria also regulate the intrinsic cell death pathway, known as apoptosis. Evaluating compounds for mitochondrial toxicity is an important capability for most drug safety programs ...
PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF VIRUSES
PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF VIRUSES

... Attachment of the virus to the cell surface membrane. – Contact between virus and its target cell occurs more or less randomly. – Attachment of the virion to the cell surface will NOT take place UNLESS the surface membrane of a cell has a specific viral receptor site which is complimentary to an att ...
Vaginitis
Vaginitis

... circumstances. Severe or recurrrent Candida infections require 7-14 day treatment with an azole agent or nystatin. Although KOH slides are often used to dissolve cells and other debris that can obscure fungal forms, yeast can be diagnosed with a plain saline slide. Some women have recurrent candida ...
Water Balance - Fort Bend ISD
Water Balance - Fort Bend ISD

... & artery epithelial cells ...
Review Article Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells as
Review Article Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells as

... HPC occupy different stem cell niches that determine cell behaviors, such as, self-renewal versus differentiation, quiescence versus proliferation, and inertia versus mobilization [22]. These behaviors are dictated by the microenvironment including physical and structural features, humoral, paracrine ...
Apoptosis: A mechanism for regulation of the cell complement of
Apoptosis: A mechanism for regulation of the cell complement of

... cells nor macrophages containing very recently ingested intact lineage, but is unclear whether antigen or other stimuli may lead neutrophils (when they can be identified as being apoptotic) will to apoptosis rather than proliferation of lymphocytes at an be frequent in vivo. This point is well illus ...
human biology part 1
human biology part 1

... At the nail root, there is rapid division of skin cells, and as they die, the skin moves up and creates the nail, similar to hair formation. Taking calcium does not make nails stronger because there is no calcium in skin cells. HAIR There are about 2 million hairs on the body; 200,000 on the scalp. ...
STB 112 Theory - Unesco
STB 112 Theory - Unesco

... kind of snails (bulimoides)species, if the snail is found, it burrows into the soft tissues and lymph vessels of the snail enter, only one penetrates it, should many miracidia enter, the snails dies. The larva loses its saclike sporocyst. Within the sporocyst another form of larva called redia are f ...
AP Biology
AP Biology

... • A signal molecule, a ligand, binds to a receptor protein in a lock and key fashion, causing the receptor to change shape. Most receptor proteins are in the cell membrane but some are inside the cell. The G-protein is a common membrane receptor. ...
Viral Replication Replication of Animal Viruses
Viral Replication Replication of Animal Viruses

... – When animal viruses remain dormant in host cells – May be prolonged for years with no viral activity – Some latent viruses do not become incorporated into host chromosome – Herpesvirus – Incorporation of provirus into host DNA is permanent ...
Animal Structure
Animal Structure

... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Drosophila immune cell migration and adhesion during embryonic
Drosophila immune cell migration and adhesion during embryonic

... normally between lamellipods leads to repulsion, facilitating the dispersal and movement of hemocytes [62!,63!!]. The contacting lamellipods form an adhesion that leads to the coordinated reorganization of the colliding cytoskeletal networks and a build up of accumulated tension [63!!]; its release ...
Regents Biology
Regents Biology

... body temperature low brain ...
Cell evolution: How the pancreas borrowed from the brain
Cell evolution: How the pancreas borrowed from the brain

... acquired a neural identity and whether the ancestral endocrine cell was a b-cell or a common endocrine precursor. One area where this may have significant implications is stem cell biology. Diabetes is a disease of growing concern and many efforts are being made to regenerate b-cells from both adult ...
antibody drug conjugates proprietary technology site specific / dar
antibody drug conjugates proprietary technology site specific / dar

... important to control the Drug to Antibody Ratio (DAR). If not, the resulting entities in a complex mix of structures, would lead to a possible lower therapeutic index, and a complex PK/PD profile, difficult to reproduce. In the specific case of Adcetris & Kadzyla, the DAR is not controlled, and comp ...
Cell communication
Cell communication

... • A signal molecule, a ligand, binds to a receptor protein in a lock and key fashion, causing the receptor to change shape. Most receptor proteins are in the cell membrane but some are inside the cell. The G-protein is a common membrane receptor. ...
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

... 1.When an animal cell is put in an isotonic solution: (a) The concentration of solute in the external solution is equal to the concentration of solute in the cell. (b) Also, the concentration of water molecules in the external solution is equal to the concentration of water molecules in the cell. (c ...
Renal Failure - ADVANCE for Nurses
Renal Failure - ADVANCE for Nurses

...  Assists in building muscle, improving VO2 peak values, cardiac functioning, and heart rate variability  Exercise is often not part of the patient’s plan of care  Decreased albumin can also lead to proteinenergy malnutrition ...
Whoa_Your_re_Breathing_
Whoa_Your_re_Breathing_

... • Then divide into "twigs": bronchioles. • Then twigs open up to alveoli at the ends. Purpose: • Spread air from trachea over as much area as possible. ...
1st Semester Final Exam Study Guide
1st Semester Final Exam Study Guide

... 8. A substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) is called a(n) ____. A substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) is called a(n) ____. ANSWER: A substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) is called a(n) ACID. A substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) is called a(n) BASE. ...
Membranes - Active Transport (GPC)
Membranes - Active Transport (GPC)

... of three Na+ for every two K+ ions moved in. The Na+-K+ ATPase exists in two forms, depending on its orientation to the interior or exterior of the cell and its anity for either sodium or potassium ions. The process consists of the following six steps. 1. With the enzyme oriented towards the interi ...
an eGOcentric view of tOrC1 signaling
an eGOcentric view of tOrC1 signaling

... activity, but did not appreciably change the localization of either EGOC or the TORC1 subunits Tor1 and Tco89 in wildtype cells. These observations do not formally exclude a role of EGOC in ensuring proper localization of TORC1, but suggest that the Gtr proteins have at least an additional function ...
Retinal Artery Occlusion
Retinal Artery Occlusion

... trauma. Also, rare causes of thrombus (blood clot), such as lupus, hypercoagulation disorders, or sickle cell disease may be a cause. Certain conditions increase the chance of retinal artery occlusion. These include high blood pressure, diabetes, and hardening of the arteries. ...
Answers to examination questions in Chapters 1
Answers to examination questions in Chapters 1

... 5 Ferns are in the phylum Filicinophyta; a sea star is an echinoderm (phylum not included in the syllabus); an ant is in phylum Arthropoda; a sunflower belongs to the phylum Angiospermophyta; a crab is in phylum Arthropoda; a snail is in the phylum Mollusca. 6 a Antibiotics are used by doctors to ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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