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Central energy metabolism remains robust in acute
Central energy metabolism remains robust in acute

... cannot be answered immediately and requires detailed quantitative analyses, as presented in this study.  Our findings indicate that the central energy metabolism is not significantly affected under high FFA load in acute steatotic hepatocytes. The specific and significant adaptations observed in tho ...
Regulation of the endothelial cell cycle by the ubiquitin
Regulation of the endothelial cell cycle by the ubiquitin

... from E2 to the target protein. Substrates can be modified with a single Ub or with Ub chains, but only poly-ubiquitination addresses proteins for degradation by the 26S-proteasome. In fact, monoubiquitination rather modulates growth factor endocytosis, PCNA activity during DNA-repair, and is involve ...
Molecular encounters at microtubule ends in the plant cell cortex
Molecular encounters at microtubule ends in the plant cell cortex

... end. a and b-tubulins have N-terminal GTP-binding pockets, but GTP is exchangeable only in b-tubulin in un-incorporated heterodimers. The GTP of the b subunit is buried upon MT polymerization and is rapidly hydrolyzed by a-tubulin catalytic residues into non-exchangeable GDP. The hydrolysis of GTP i ...
Translating Stem Cell Research to Cardiac Disease Therapies
Translating Stem Cell Research to Cardiac Disease Therapies

... we do not have that knowledge, nor have we been able to catalog the potential downsides of cell administration, the best way to prepare the cells, the impact of trying to subselect or modify them, and the best way to store, assay, or administer them (7,51–53). Disease models have been created in mic ...
1 The Role of Receptor-Like Kinases in
1 The Role of Receptor-Like Kinases in

... Copyright © 2010 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
biomolecular_STRUCTURES
biomolecular_STRUCTURES

... Our food is broken down to small molecules before use by the body Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones ...
COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN2–Mediated
COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN2–Mediated

... vascular cell morphology or polarity, as do many of the auxin and sterol mutants described above. Although both mutants show a loss of vein anastomoses with many vein orders, they do show distinct differences. Consistent with the wild-type appearance of cvp2, no perturbations in auxin content, respo ...
PDF
PDF

... Fig. 2. A bi-compartmental organization of different adult mammalian stem cell niches. A schematic of stem cells in many tissues. Because stem cells have a slow cell cycle, they can be identified by their ability to retain nucleotide analogs such as bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) longer than other cells, ...
The Renal Patient
The Renal Patient

... Renal function over hours or days resulting in the accumulation of toxins and loss of internal homeostasis ...
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES

... • Its means that only some substances can move across the plasma membrane freely while the others cannot • Two general factors that determine : I. size II. Polarity ...
Regulation of the human vitamin C transporters expressed in COS
Regulation of the human vitamin C transporters expressed in COS

... Immunoblotting. After treatment with the appropriate drug, cells were lysed in 150 mM NaCl, 1% SDS, 10 mM EDTA, and 10 mM HEPES-Tris (pH 7.4) with protease inhibitor cocktail (Boehringer-Mannheim) and 0.2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The lysate was transferred to an Eppendorf tube on ice and pa ...
1 Respiratory System Organs
1 Respiratory System Organs

... • The trachea, or windpipe, is a long tube that leads down to the lungs, where it divides into the right and left bronchi. The bronchi branch out into smaller bronchioles in each lung. There is small flap called the epiglottis that covers your trachea when you eat or drink. The muscle controlling th ...
Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that
Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that

... subcloned into pRSETB (Invitrogen) in-frame with the 6xHis tag coding sequence. GST1.5C1 (see Fig. 1B) and GST1.5C2 (see Fig. 4B) were amplified by PCR and subcloned into pGEX-4T-1 in-frame with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) coding sequence. Cell lines and transfections. COS-7 and Chinese hams ...
Respiratory
Respiratory

... might the selective advantage of having separate pleural cavities be?] The lining of the pleural cavities is called the pleura and consists of a serous mesothelium and underlying lamina propria. The portions of the pleura adhering to the lung are called the visceral pleura and the portions adhering ...
The Heart and Blood Vessels
The Heart and Blood Vessels

... Homeostasis Review • The cardiovascular system delivers: – Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to body cells ...
Biodiversity
Biodiversity

... The chicken pox usually lasts only a few days. Vaccines are given Flu or Influenza - Symptoms include a fever, chills, earaches, body aches, headaches, cough and sinus problems. The flu does a vaccine that will prevent people from getting the virus. Shots and mists are usually given by the time a ch ...
Maturing reticulocytes internalize plasma membrane
Maturing reticulocytes internalize plasma membrane

... Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol School of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom ...
Recruitment of lymphocytes to the human liver
Recruitment of lymphocytes to the human liver

... gut via the portal veins. This complex supply is necessary to allow nutrients from the gut to be transported to the liver, which is thus constantly exposed to gut-derived antigens in the portal blood. Because portal blood also presents a route through which infectious organisms can enter the liver, ...
Formative Cell Divisions: Principal Determinants of Plant
Formative Cell Divisions: Principal Determinants of Plant

... Plant cells are surrounded by the rigid cell walls and, as a result, they are immobile. Descendant cells are placed next to the mother cell and remain there throughout their lifespan. The orientation of the cell division plane is critical as it determines not only the positions of daughter cells but ...


... as their positions relative to the primary axis. Mutants defective in the patterning of leaves and floral organs have provided new insights on the signaling pathways involved, but there is comparatively little information regarding aspects of the patterning of stems, which play a dominant role in ar ...
The Respiratory System - Fall River Public Schools
The Respiratory System - Fall River Public Schools

... practicing using your respiratory system! Your respiratory system is responsible for exchanging gases with the outside environment. Oxygen comes in, and helps your cells make energy through respiration. Carbon dioxide and water are breathed out. So, how does the air actually travel through your body ...
Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal
Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal

... epidermal cells from control roots grown in the absence of the AM fungus is shown in A and B. Several Golgi stacks (arrows) are visible as bright dots spread across the cytoplasm. The expression of this construct also displays a weak labeling of the nuclear envelope (B, arrowhead), marking the posit ...
Studies on the Bacterial Component of Soybean Root
Studies on the Bacterial Component of Soybean Root

... The organization. of bacteroids in mature, nitrogen-$xing nodules In microtome sections of nodules examined in the light microscope, the bacteriods were apparently randomly packed into the cytoplasm in the host cells. Remnants of host nuclei were still visible and there were several small vacuoles i ...
Multiple Inducers of the Drosophila Heat Shock Locus 93D (hsro
Multiple Inducers of the Drosophila Heat Shock Locus 93D (hsro

... of hsps can also be found in nonstressed cells (at least in some cell types), encoded by transcripts of either the gene used in heat shock or by a closely related gene. The roles of these proteins in heat shock may not be fundamentally different from their roles in nonstressed cells. The mRNAs for h ...
Hemodynamic disturbance
Hemodynamic disturbance

... HEMODYNAMICS ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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