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... and removal of waste. • Circulatory system is the carrier of these supplies and wastes. • If interference occurs, cells become damaged and die. ...
Chapter 5: The Human Body
Chapter 5: The Human Body

... and removal of waste. • Circulatory system is the carrier of these supplies and wastes. • If interference occurs, cells become damaged and die. ...
Fetal Pig Dissection: External Anatomy and Digestive System
Fetal Pig Dissection: External Anatomy and Digestive System

... 9. The large intestine can be traced to the rectum. The rectum lies toward the back of the pig and will not be moveable. The rectum opens to the outside of the pig, or the anus. The large intestine reabsorbs water from the digested food, any undigested food is stored in the rectum as feces. 10. Lyin ...
WHRHS BIOLOGY K PROFICIENCIES
WHRHS BIOLOGY K PROFICIENCIES

... 96. Explain why viruses are not considered to be living. 97. Explain how viruses enter host cells, replicate, and release new viruses. 98. Describe the human body’s defense against viruses. 99. Compare and contrast viruses and cells. 100. Summarize current information on virus and bacteria research ...
Mesoderm migration in the Xenopus gastrula
Mesoderm migration in the Xenopus gastrula

... its adhesive properties, its more specific role in mesoderm migration is the induction of lamellipodium formation. In this way, the SCR substrate not only provides adhesiveness and resistance to mesoderm cell traction, but also regulates the protrusive activities of migrating cells. Migrating mesode ...
Complex Receptive Fields in Primary Visual Cortex
Complex Receptive Fields in Primary Visual Cortex

... of models emphasizing their strengths and weaknesses. NEUROSCIENTIST 9(5):317–331, 2003. DOI: ...
Direct conversion of root primordium into shoot meristem relies on
Direct conversion of root primordium into shoot meristem relies on

... In Arabidopsis, organogenesis can be induced in explants prepared from root or hypocotyl (Atta et al., 2009; Che et al., 2006; Gordon et al., 2007; Valvekens et al., 1988). In two-step protocols, cell proliferation is first enhanced in explants placed on a callus-inducing medium (CIM) characterized ...
Bio Frames - Lee County School District
Bio Frames - Lee County School District

... Three common and serious diseases of the circulatory system are heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. Research indicates that high cholesterol levels, along with other risk factors, lead to atherosclerosis and higher risk of heart aQack. The factors that affect blood flow through the cardiov ...
Symmetry, asymmetry, and the cell cycle in plants: known knowns
Symmetry, asymmetry, and the cell cycle in plants: known knowns

... division is controlled in Arabidopsis by the GNOM (GN) gene, which encodes an ADP ribosylation factor-GDP/GTP exchange factor (ARF-GEF) that regulates the formation of vesicles in membrane trafficking. The GNOM protein is specifically involved in the endosomal recycling of the auxinefflux carrier PI ...
Molecular dynamics simulations of membrane
Molecular dynamics simulations of membrane

... MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF MEMBRANE ELECTROPORATION ...
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge

... (b) In 1999, Dutch scientists discovered a new reaction, the anammox reaction, to add to the nitrogen cycle. They discovered the bacterium Brocadia anammoxidans that converts ammonia, nitrite ions and nitrate ions to nitrogen gas (N2) in anaerobic environments. The reaction carried out by these bact ...
With or Without them: Essential Roles of Cofactors in ES Cells
With or Without them: Essential Roles of Cofactors in ES Cells

... Introduction Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst-stage embryos [1,2]. They are characterized by pluripotency and self-renewal. Hence, ESCs provide a good in vitro system for the study of early embryonic development and molecular pathways involved ...
Induction of somatic embryogenesis as an example of stress
Induction of somatic embryogenesis as an example of stress

... carrot SE 2,4-D is required for the initiation of a program that can proceed further on its own, while the removal of 2,4-D from the induction medium may be important to control the cellular polarity, which is one of the first cytological event in the initiation phase. For this reason 2,4D not only ...
Growth Control: A Saga of Cell Walls, ROS, and Peptide
Growth Control: A Saga of Cell Walls, ROS, and Peptide

... pollen tube is induced by ROS application and is required for ROS-induced bursting. It is intriguing in this context that rbohdeficient mutant pollen tubes (see below; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Lassig et al., 2014) and root hairs (Duan et al., 2010) with low internal levels of ROS also display lo ...
Encapsulated Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Actively Protect
Encapsulated Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Actively Protect

... systemic infusion and direct brain infusion encounters immunological responses with inadequate distribution. These and other limitations have led CPECs transplantation studies towards encapsulated cell therapy as a promising approach for drug delivery to the brain. Encapsulated cell therapy (microca ...
N1 - Herrin High School
N1 - Herrin High School

... d. Helps organelles within the cell ANSWER move BACK TO GAME ...
Sect 16-2 Blood
Sect 16-2 Blood

... Blood is a liquid connective tissue. It circulates throughout the body via blood vessels due to the pumping action of the heart. You couldn’t survive without the approximately 4.5 to 5 liters of blood that are constantly being pumped through your blood vessels. ...
Fukuda, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol
Fukuda, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol

... flow that starts initially by diffusion induces the formation of a polar auxin transport cell system, which in turn promotes auxin transport and leads to canalization of auxin flow along a narrow file of cells. This continuous polar transport of auxin through cells finally results in the differentia ...
unit 3 – how do living
unit 3 – how do living

... They are necessary to build new cells, to increase in size, to renew cells, to reconstruct lost parts etc. Energy is required to carry out some processes. There are processes that do not require energy, for example when we sleep we don’t use energy. Depending on the way in which they obtain nutrient ...
Cell Death Suppressor, Arabidopsis BI
Cell Death Suppressor, Arabidopsis BI

... The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 reduces Ca2+ efflux through the ER membrane (Lam et al., 1994). A rapid increase in [Ca2+]cyt is a common response to pathogen challenge in plant cells (Blume et al., 2000) and oxidative stress (Rentel and Knight 2004). We therefore explored the effects of BI-1 overex ...
EDC Skin Care Ingredients Glossary
EDC Skin Care Ingredients Glossary

... magnesium ions. In the absence of vitamin D, dietary calcium is not absorbed at all efficiently. Vitamin D stimulates the expression of a number of proteins involved in transporting calcium from the lumen of the intestine, across the epithelial cells and into blood. The best studied of these calcium ...
K+ Nutrition and Na+ Toxicity: The Basis of Cellular K+/Na+
K+ Nutrition and Na+ Toxicity: The Basis of Cellular K+/Na+

... of a Na+ efflux pump in higher plants, although there is circumstantial evidence for Na+\H+ antiport activity in some species (e.g. Wilson and Shannon, 1995). Underlying all these processes is the activity of transport proteins in the membranes for which three main classes can be distinguished : (1) ...
PDF
PDF

... stimulates β cell insulin secretion (Kawai et al., 1995; Kawamori and Kulkarni, 2009). Dysregulation of insulin and glucagon signaling consequent to β cell dysfunction or destruction causes diabetes mellitus, a devastating disease that afflicts more than 360 million people worldwide (Whiting et al., ...
Lamin proteins form an internal nucleoskeleton as well as a
Lamin proteins form an internal nucleoskeleton as well as a

... sibility can be increased by removing chromatin. Knobs and nodes on an internal skeleton can then be immunolabelled using fluorescein- or gold-conjugated anti-lamin A antibodies. These results suggest that the lamins are misnamed as they are also found internally. ...
20121014193054_DVL_2
20121014193054_DVL_2

... 3. Regulation and molecular basis of odontogenic competence Classic tissue recombination studies between the epithelium and mesenchyme of different origins and stages have indicated that the epithelium of the first branchial arch can instruct tooth formation when cultured with neural crest derived c ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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