Direct Engagement of Inhibitory Fc Receptor Microbial Immune
... complex, or iii) mAb to GXM alone in 3 ml of RPMI for 4 h at 37°C with 5% CO2. After culture, the cells were washed, and lysated as previously described (13) in the presence of protease (Pierce) and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein concentrations were determined with a BCA Protein Ass ...
... complex, or iii) mAb to GXM alone in 3 ml of RPMI for 4 h at 37°C with 5% CO2. After culture, the cells were washed, and lysated as previously described (13) in the presence of protease (Pierce) and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein concentrations were determined with a BCA Protein Ass ...
Influence of salinity on the localization of Na+/K+
... Different superscript letters indicate that the means are significantly different from one another (P<0.05, Student–Newman–Keuls test). ...
... Different superscript letters indicate that the means are significantly different from one another (P<0.05, Student–Newman–Keuls test). ...
Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell
... were resuspended in Tris-EDTA buffer and sonicated. The soluble chromatin was transferred into radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer and precleared. Immunoprecipitation was performed with 5 g of rabbit anti--catenin (Santa Cruz, sc-7199) or isotype-specific IgG as a negative control (Schmid ...
... were resuspended in Tris-EDTA buffer and sonicated. The soluble chromatin was transferred into radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer and precleared. Immunoprecipitation was performed with 5 g of rabbit anti--catenin (Santa Cruz, sc-7199) or isotype-specific IgG as a negative control (Schmid ...
Induction of Kranz Anatomy and C4-like
... form differed from typical C4 plants in the cellular distribution of Rubisco (Ueno, 1996b). This cellular distribution of Rubisco resembles that in the C 4-like species of Flaveria (Cheng et al., 1988; Moore et al., 1989). Among the three types of cells, the density of labeling specific for the larg ...
... form differed from typical C4 plants in the cellular distribution of Rubisco (Ueno, 1996b). This cellular distribution of Rubisco resembles that in the C 4-like species of Flaveria (Cheng et al., 1988; Moore et al., 1989). Among the three types of cells, the density of labeling specific for the larg ...
A Chromatin Insulator Determines the Nuclear Localization of DNA
... the nuclear lamina. As in the case of the 7B probe, sequences from 4D were preferentially located in the nuclear periphery, immediately adjacent to or overlapping the nuclear lamina, in cells from the ct6 strain in which the gypsy element was present at 4D (Figure 3C). In contrast, the hybridization ...
... the nuclear lamina. As in the case of the 7B probe, sequences from 4D were preferentially located in the nuclear periphery, immediately adjacent to or overlapping the nuclear lamina, in cells from the ct6 strain in which the gypsy element was present at 4D (Figure 3C). In contrast, the hybridization ...
TR3 is preferentially expressed by bulge epithelial stem
... of epithelial stem cells.11 However, AR has been demonstrated to be expressed in the HF ORS.12,13 Furthermore, the expression of AR and two 5α-reductase isozymes are significantly higher in the ORS of the HFs in AGA patients’ scalp biopsies, suggesting an important role of ORS in androgen-induced ha ...
... of epithelial stem cells.11 However, AR has been demonstrated to be expressed in the HF ORS.12,13 Furthermore, the expression of AR and two 5α-reductase isozymes are significantly higher in the ORS of the HFs in AGA patients’ scalp biopsies, suggesting an important role of ORS in androgen-induced ha ...
Lec-2 Cell Structure
... II. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for the elimination of structures and molecules within the cell and for digestion of the contents of the phagocytic food vacuoles. III. Mitochondria serve as the major sites for energy production within the cell. They have an outer membrane ...
... II. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for the elimination of structures and molecules within the cell and for digestion of the contents of the phagocytic food vacuoles. III. Mitochondria serve as the major sites for energy production within the cell. They have an outer membrane ...
Immune Defense Mechanisms in Fish to Protozoan and Helminth
... primary and secondary antibody responses are produced in fish to this parasite. Cellular responses are also produced against "Ich." These cells (nonspecific cytotoxic cells) may provide an important (but previously not described) component of anti-parasite resistance. The second major group of paras ...
... primary and secondary antibody responses are produced in fish to this parasite. Cellular responses are also produced against "Ich." These cells (nonspecific cytotoxic cells) may provide an important (but previously not described) component of anti-parasite resistance. The second major group of paras ...
Course Outline
... The bacteria (singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioacti ...
... The bacteria (singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are ubiquitous in every habitat on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioacti ...
Differential Th17 CD4 T-cell depletion in pathogenic
... Moreover, IL-17 production and IFN-␥ production were generally mutually exclusive as only low frequencies of CD4 T cells produced both IFN-␥ and IL-17. Finally, the IL-17– and IFN-␥– producing memory CD4 T cells were functionally heterogeneous as they could also produce TNF and/or IL-2 (Figure 1C). ...
... Moreover, IL-17 production and IFN-␥ production were generally mutually exclusive as only low frequencies of CD4 T cells produced both IFN-␥ and IL-17. Finally, the IL-17– and IFN-␥– producing memory CD4 T cells were functionally heterogeneous as they could also produce TNF and/or IL-2 (Figure 1C). ...
Regulation of Cell Cycle
... S-phase – DNA synthesis-duplication of the chromosomes M-phase – mitosis-pair of chromosomes segregated into the nuclei – cytokinesis- the cell divides into two identical cells ...
... S-phase – DNA synthesis-duplication of the chromosomes M-phase – mitosis-pair of chromosomes segregated into the nuclei – cytokinesis- the cell divides into two identical cells ...
PCTPC201500400LSBR1_pap_plantcell 1..16
... occupies most of the light phase and the S/M program is restricted to the dark (Figure 1A). See Cross and Umen (2015) for a detailed review of the Chlamydomonas cell cycle. We analyzed global transcriptomes through a single diurnal cycle in the wild type compared with parallel cdka-1 and cdkb-1 cult ...
... occupies most of the light phase and the S/M program is restricted to the dark (Figure 1A). See Cross and Umen (2015) for a detailed review of the Chlamydomonas cell cycle. We analyzed global transcriptomes through a single diurnal cycle in the wild type compared with parallel cdka-1 and cdkb-1 cult ...
The Kip3-Like Kinesin KipB Moves along Microtubules and
... and other known kinesins were used to unravel their relatedness (Fig. 1). The 11 A. nidulans kinesins grouped into 9 of the 11 families. Two kinesins were found in the Unc104 family and one did not fall into any of the known families. The 10 N. crassa kinesins were closely related to the A. nidulans ...
... and other known kinesins were used to unravel their relatedness (Fig. 1). The 11 A. nidulans kinesins grouped into 9 of the 11 families. Two kinesins were found in the Unc104 family and one did not fall into any of the known families. The 10 N. crassa kinesins were closely related to the A. nidulans ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... It occurs only in mammalian cells but it cannot be excluded that a similar mechanism occurs in plants. Doorn WG and Papini A. 2013. Ultrastructure of autophagy in plant cells .Autophagy 9:12, 1–15 ...
... It occurs only in mammalian cells but it cannot be excluded that a similar mechanism occurs in plants. Doorn WG and Papini A. 2013. Ultrastructure of autophagy in plant cells .Autophagy 9:12, 1–15 ...
Hepatitis C virus can accumulate mutations that confer resistance to
... • P9 virus was able to replicate in the presence of MAb24 at 196μg/mL • P9 virus can confer MAb24 resistance and replicate in the absence of MAb24 ...
... • P9 virus was able to replicate in the presence of MAb24 at 196μg/mL • P9 virus can confer MAb24 resistance and replicate in the absence of MAb24 ...
Arginase I Production in the Tumor
... overnight with 1 ⫻ 106 cpm/ml of 32P-labeled probe. Probes for detection of arginase I, arginase II, cationic amino acid transporter 1, cationic amino acid transporter 2B, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) mRNA were labeled by random priming using a RediPrime Kit ...
... overnight with 1 ⫻ 106 cpm/ml of 32P-labeled probe. Probes for detection of arginase I, arginase II, cationic amino acid transporter 1, cationic amino acid transporter 2B, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) mRNA were labeled by random priming using a RediPrime Kit ...
Staining and Bacterial Cell Morphology
... After cell division occurs, the cells may assume a characteristic arrangement: singly (as most Gram negative rods), pairs (as the bacillus Klebsiella pneumonia, the coccus Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the cocci in the Neisseria genus), chains (as the Bacillus and Streptococcus genera), irregular cl ...
... After cell division occurs, the cells may assume a characteristic arrangement: singly (as most Gram negative rods), pairs (as the bacillus Klebsiella pneumonia, the coccus Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the cocci in the Neisseria genus), chains (as the Bacillus and Streptococcus genera), irregular cl ...
Protein Interaction Profiling of the p97 Adaptor UBXD1 Points to a
... proteins that comprise this sub-family of p97 adaptors. The biochemical mechanism by which disease-relevant P97 mutations alter the function of the ATPase is not well understood. Some of the mutations that cause IBMPFD stimulate the ATPase activity of p97 (20). Other studies indicate that they alter ...
... proteins that comprise this sub-family of p97 adaptors. The biochemical mechanism by which disease-relevant P97 mutations alter the function of the ATPase is not well understood. Some of the mutations that cause IBMPFD stimulate the ATPase activity of p97 (20). Other studies indicate that they alter ...
The Transition Between Different Physiological States
... of the cells, the rate of DNA synthesis thus cycles between extremely high and low values before the final 37' rate is established. On the basis of diffusion considerations Rashevsky (1948) suggested that division might be the direct consequenceof cells reaching a critical size dependent on the phys ...
... of the cells, the rate of DNA synthesis thus cycles between extremely high and low values before the final 37' rate is established. On the basis of diffusion considerations Rashevsky (1948) suggested that division might be the direct consequenceof cells reaching a critical size dependent on the phys ...
Chapter 4 The Cell Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Cell
... that protrude from their surfaces. Some surface molecules distinguish cells of different species, like company affiliations on name tags. Other surface structures distinguish individuals within a species. Surface structures also distinctively mark cells of different tissues in an individual, so that ...
... that protrude from their surfaces. Some surface molecules distinguish cells of different species, like company affiliations on name tags. Other surface structures distinguish individuals within a species. Surface structures also distinctively mark cells of different tissues in an individual, so that ...
Nature Cell Biol. 6
... 200 nM). The addition of insulin induced the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, which was also insensitive to pre-treatment with rapamycin (see Supplementary Information, Fig. S1). The addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) also led to rapamycin-insensitive formation of stress fibres. ...
... 200 nM). The addition of insulin induced the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, which was also insensitive to pre-treatment with rapamycin (see Supplementary Information, Fig. S1). The addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) also led to rapamycin-insensitive formation of stress fibres. ...
A Division-Dependent Compartmental Model for Computing Cell
... Traditional deconvolution techniques (such as fitting peaks with normal or lognormal curves) impose particular forms on the experimental data which may bias the computed number of cells in each generation. While all these efforts to date correspond to several iterations in an iterative modeling proc ...
... Traditional deconvolution techniques (such as fitting peaks with normal or lognormal curves) impose particular forms on the experimental data which may bias the computed number of cells in each generation. While all these efforts to date correspond to several iterations in an iterative modeling proc ...
a morphogenetic role for the TNF signalling pathway
... Introduction Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), which was cloned in 1984 (Pennica et al., 1984), was named as such because it can induce tumour regression through the induction of cell death (Carswell et al., 1975). It can bind to two related receptors, TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), which a ...
... Introduction Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), which was cloned in 1984 (Pennica et al., 1984), was named as such because it can induce tumour regression through the induction of cell death (Carswell et al., 1975). It can bind to two related receptors, TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), which a ...
Cytoskeletal Elements in Bacteria
... An ftsZ gene is present in almost all bacterial and archaeal cells (round-, rod-, or more complex-shaped species) (Figure 3), except for Sulfolobus species, other Crenarchaeota, and some cell wall-less bacteria (belonging to the Mollicutes). Its essential function in cell division notwithstanding, F ...
... An ftsZ gene is present in almost all bacterial and archaeal cells (round-, rod-, or more complex-shaped species) (Figure 3), except for Sulfolobus species, other Crenarchaeota, and some cell wall-less bacteria (belonging to the Mollicutes). Its essential function in cell division notwithstanding, F ...