The Drosophila centriole – conversion of
... diameter (Fig. 2E) likely due to the incomplete C-tubule. Serial sections failed to reveal additional centrioles in this region. Therefore, stem cells were at the beginning of interphase and the centriole pairs examined were inherited from the previous cell cycle. Mothers with doublets or mixed tubu ...
... diameter (Fig. 2E) likely due to the incomplete C-tubule. Serial sections failed to reveal additional centrioles in this region. Therefore, stem cells were at the beginning of interphase and the centriole pairs examined were inherited from the previous cell cycle. Mothers with doublets or mixed tubu ...
J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31;206(9):1899-911. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
... Many cell types also appear to respond to the cytosolic presence of DNA (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a). The cytosolic response to DNA does not require MAVS, but does require TBK1 and IRF3 in most cell types (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a; Sun et al., 2006). Rec ...
... Many cell types also appear to respond to the cytosolic presence of DNA (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a). The cytosolic response to DNA does not require MAVS, but does require TBK1 and IRF3 in most cell types (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a; Sun et al., 2006). Rec ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... and genetics, emerging targets and therapeutics provides new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of several major disease systems. During drug discovery research many targets against cancer were also discovered. Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other prote ...
... and genetics, emerging targets and therapeutics provides new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of several major disease systems. During drug discovery research many targets against cancer were also discovered. Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other prote ...
Evolutionarily conserved cytogenetic changes in
... nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities in human leukemia and lymphoma was recognized over 40 years ago, but the mechanisms of genome reorganization remain incompletely understood. The development of molecular cytogenetics, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology, has played a signifi ...
... nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities in human leukemia and lymphoma was recognized over 40 years ago, but the mechanisms of genome reorganization remain incompletely understood. The development of molecular cytogenetics, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology, has played a signifi ...
Neural crest-derived stem cells
... et al., 1991; Sieber-Blum and Cohen, 1980). Later, Stemple and Anderson coined the term “NCSC” when showing that rodent neural crest cells in vitro not only have the ability to give rise to autonomic neurons, glia, and smooth muscle, but also to self-renew, a unique characteristic of stem cells (Ste ...
... et al., 1991; Sieber-Blum and Cohen, 1980). Later, Stemple and Anderson coined the term “NCSC” when showing that rodent neural crest cells in vitro not only have the ability to give rise to autonomic neurons, glia, and smooth muscle, but also to self-renew, a unique characteristic of stem cells (Ste ...
PDF
... laboratory and others have reported that Cbl-b−/− mice are resistant to the outgrowth of spontaneous and transplantable tumors (9–11). In addition to T cell-mediated effects, it has recently been reported that Cbl-b−/− mice have enhanced NK cell-mediated tumor immunity (14). As a result of these stu ...
... laboratory and others have reported that Cbl-b−/− mice are resistant to the outgrowth of spontaneous and transplantable tumors (9–11). In addition to T cell-mediated effects, it has recently been reported that Cbl-b−/− mice have enhanced NK cell-mediated tumor immunity (14). As a result of these stu ...
The bacterial Cell Wall
... THE CELL WALL Is a complex, semi-rigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell as well as the size Surrounds the underlying, fragile plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane Protects it and the interior of the cell from adverse changes in the outside environment ...
... THE CELL WALL Is a complex, semi-rigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell as well as the size Surrounds the underlying, fragile plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane Protects it and the interior of the cell from adverse changes in the outside environment ...
From Flower to Seed Germination in Cynara cardunculus: A Role for
... The cardoon embryo sac is of the Polygonum type. In its proximal end the filiform apparatus is evident as well as the strongly cytoplasm polarised synergids and egg cell. In the middle region the central cell is present, occupied mostly by the large vacuole and where, near the polar nuclei, several ...
... The cardoon embryo sac is of the Polygonum type. In its proximal end the filiform apparatus is evident as well as the strongly cytoplasm polarised synergids and egg cell. In the middle region the central cell is present, occupied mostly by the large vacuole and where, near the polar nuclei, several ...
The origins, function, and regulation of T follicular helper cells
... zones and within GCs (Fig. 1 A). Because of its role in directing cells toward B cell areas, CXCR5 was an early defining marker of Tfh cells. More recently, Bcl-6 has been described as a key molecular feature of these cells. It is now clear, however, that there is marked heterogeneity among CD4+ CXC ...
... zones and within GCs (Fig. 1 A). Because of its role in directing cells toward B cell areas, CXCR5 was an early defining marker of Tfh cells. More recently, Bcl-6 has been described as a key molecular feature of these cells. It is now clear, however, that there is marked heterogeneity among CD4+ CXC ...
BioVision
... The lyophilized protein is best-stored desiccated at -20°C. Reconstituted mouse LIF should be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days and at -20°C for future use. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1 % HSA or BSA). Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. DESCRIPTION: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ...
... The lyophilized protein is best-stored desiccated at -20°C. Reconstituted mouse LIF should be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days and at -20°C for future use. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1 % HSA or BSA). Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. DESCRIPTION: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ...
The grass leaf developmental gradient as a platform for a
... a heterochronic regulation of the existing machinery for vein formation: a persistence of the initiation of minor veins beyond the developmental time at which it ceases in their non- C4 relatives. This occurs without a substantial difference in the blade shape or overall change in cell division patt ...
... a heterochronic regulation of the existing machinery for vein formation: a persistence of the initiation of minor veins beyond the developmental time at which it ceases in their non- C4 relatives. This occurs without a substantial difference in the blade shape or overall change in cell division patt ...
Growth as a Solid Tumor or Reduced Glucose Concentrations
... particular isoforms may be important prognostic indicators for some human malignancies (14). In some cases, the HA recognition function of CD44 can correspond in either a positive or negative way to the growth, invasion, and metastasis of experimental tumors (15–19). Although CD44 is widely expresse ...
... particular isoforms may be important prognostic indicators for some human malignancies (14). In some cases, the HA recognition function of CD44 can correspond in either a positive or negative way to the growth, invasion, and metastasis of experimental tumors (15–19). Although CD44 is widely expresse ...
Cell Size Distributions of Soil Bacterial and Archaeal
... separated from the soil matrix using the Nycodenz density gradient approach. We estimate that 13.7%, 2.7%, and 5.2% of the cells in the prairie, forest, and agricultural untreated soil samples, respectively, were separated from the soil matrix and subsequently run through the series of size-selectin ...
... separated from the soil matrix using the Nycodenz density gradient approach. We estimate that 13.7%, 2.7%, and 5.2% of the cells in the prairie, forest, and agricultural untreated soil samples, respectively, were separated from the soil matrix and subsequently run through the series of size-selectin ...
5.4 Asexual Reproduction
... • Asexual reproduction is the creation of offspring from a single parent. – Binary fission produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell. parent cell – Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes. DNA ...
... • Asexual reproduction is the creation of offspring from a single parent. – Binary fission produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell. parent cell – Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes. DNA ...
Control of the Plant Cell Cycle by Developmental
... to occupy the MSA sites to promote gene transcription. What initiates the transcription of NtMYBA genes in the first place is unknown but, once initiated, there are several positive feedback mechanisms that can lead to a quick amplification and establishment of NtMYBA-based gene expression. For inst ...
... to occupy the MSA sites to promote gene transcription. What initiates the transcription of NtMYBA genes in the first place is unknown but, once initiated, there are several positive feedback mechanisms that can lead to a quick amplification and establishment of NtMYBA-based gene expression. For inst ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... There is also evidence for the presence of a Ca2þATPase in acidocalcisomes from several eukaryotic microbes, such as T. cruzi (Scott & Docampo 2000), T. brucei (Rodrigues et al. 1999a; Luo et al. 2004), Dictyostelium discoideum (Marchesini et al. 2002) and T. gondii (TgA1; Luo et al. 2001; Luo et al ...
... There is also evidence for the presence of a Ca2þATPase in acidocalcisomes from several eukaryotic microbes, such as T. cruzi (Scott & Docampo 2000), T. brucei (Rodrigues et al. 1999a; Luo et al. 2004), Dictyostelium discoideum (Marchesini et al. 2002) and T. gondii (TgA1; Luo et al. 2001; Luo et al ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... There is also evidence for the presence of a Ca2þATPase in acidocalcisomes from several eukaryotic microbes, such as T. cruzi (Scott & Docampo 2000), T. brucei (Rodrigues et al. 1999a; Luo et al. 2004), Dictyostelium discoideum (Marchesini et al. 2002) and T. gondii (TgA1; Luo et al. 2001; Luo et al ...
... There is also evidence for the presence of a Ca2þATPase in acidocalcisomes from several eukaryotic microbes, such as T. cruzi (Scott & Docampo 2000), T. brucei (Rodrigues et al. 1999a; Luo et al. 2004), Dictyostelium discoideum (Marchesini et al. 2002) and T. gondii (TgA1; Luo et al. 2001; Luo et al ...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of
... of guard cells challenged with H2O2 (Fig 4 and Fig 5), which are coincident with the epidermal bioassay (Fig 2 and Fig 3). These results imply that the alkalinization of the cytosol may be accomplished via a H+ efflux from cytosol to vacuole through vacuolar H+-ATPase. Proton gradient across tonopla ...
... of guard cells challenged with H2O2 (Fig 4 and Fig 5), which are coincident with the epidermal bioassay (Fig 2 and Fig 3). These results imply that the alkalinization of the cytosol may be accomplished via a H+ efflux from cytosol to vacuole through vacuolar H+-ATPase. Proton gradient across tonopla ...
A Model for Cell Proliferation in a Developing Organism
... Q & A. What can we say about the model? The process (X (t), t ≥ 0) is a continuous-time Markov chain. Consider a particular marked cell. Is its position I (t) at time t Markovian? Yes. If that cell is in position i, it moves to the right at rate λi. The position of any particular marked cell evolve ...
... Q & A. What can we say about the model? The process (X (t), t ≥ 0) is a continuous-time Markov chain. Consider a particular marked cell. Is its position I (t) at time t Markovian? Yes. If that cell is in position i, it moves to the right at rate λi. The position of any particular marked cell evolve ...
A protein kinase target of a PDK1 signalling pathway is involved in
... this, we cotransfected a Myc-tagged AtPDK1 kinase with GSTtagged AGC2-1 into protoplasts prepared from cultured Arabidopsis cells and tested for the presence of MycAtPDK1 in GST pull-down experiments, as compared to the input amounts in crude extracts. Protein kinase activity of AGC2-1 was determine ...
... this, we cotransfected a Myc-tagged AtPDK1 kinase with GSTtagged AGC2-1 into protoplasts prepared from cultured Arabidopsis cells and tested for the presence of MycAtPDK1 in GST pull-down experiments, as compared to the input amounts in crude extracts. Protein kinase activity of AGC2-1 was determine ...
Achieving CNS axon regeneration by manipulating convergent
... provide examples of pattern recognition receptors, integrins, cytokines/chemokines, nuclear receptors and galectins that could improve CNS repair. In many cases, signaling by these molecules is complex and may have contradictory effects on recovery depending on the cell types involved or the model s ...
... provide examples of pattern recognition receptors, integrins, cytokines/chemokines, nuclear receptors and galectins that could improve CNS repair. In many cases, signaling by these molecules is complex and may have contradictory effects on recovery depending on the cell types involved or the model s ...
Effects of Glucocorticoid on Microglia Cell Functions
... levels MR is the more highly occupied receptor with only slight saturation of GR (Kd = 5.0nM) (De Kloet et a]., 1998). Early i~ivestigationsinto glucocorticoid receptor binding showed that rats sacrificed early in the morning at the nadir ofthe HPA axis diurnal rhythm exhibited hipocampal MRs that w ...
... levels MR is the more highly occupied receptor with only slight saturation of GR (Kd = 5.0nM) (De Kloet et a]., 1998). Early i~ivestigationsinto glucocorticoid receptor binding showed that rats sacrificed early in the morning at the nadir ofthe HPA axis diurnal rhythm exhibited hipocampal MRs that w ...
Lack of evidence for functional ADP-activated
... was consistent with Western blotting results in which both P2X1 WT and P2X1del receptors were below the limit of detection in these cell lines (Figure 2B). When P2X1WT receptors were transiently transfected into a 1321-N1 cell background, ATP (100 M) evoked inward currents (in either the 1321-N1 G ...
... was consistent with Western blotting results in which both P2X1 WT and P2X1del receptors were below the limit of detection in these cell lines (Figure 2B). When P2X1WT receptors were transiently transfected into a 1321-N1 cell background, ATP (100 M) evoked inward currents (in either the 1321-N1 G ...
Optimization of ERK Activity Biosensors for both Ratiometric and
... depend on the equilibrium between the activities of kinases and phosphatases, as well as on the crosstalk and connectivity established between pathways. All together, these parameters ensure appropriate and specific cell decisions. Among the signaling cascades of phosphorylated molecules, which are ...
... depend on the equilibrium between the activities of kinases and phosphatases, as well as on the crosstalk and connectivity established between pathways. All together, these parameters ensure appropriate and specific cell decisions. Among the signaling cascades of phosphorylated molecules, which are ...
Insane in the Membrane
... your Starburst through the membrane in a row without popping the membrane. HOWEVER, YOU MUST RESEAL THE MEMBRANE EACH TIME YOU PUT A STARBURST THROUGH. If at any time your film breaks, you must remove all Starburst that were “in the cell” and start again. You will use the same Starburst over and ove ...
... your Starburst through the membrane in a row without popping the membrane. HOWEVER, YOU MUST RESEAL THE MEMBRANE EACH TIME YOU PUT A STARBURST THROUGH. If at any time your film breaks, you must remove all Starburst that were “in the cell” and start again. You will use the same Starburst over and ove ...