kg/ha/yr - Clinton Devon Estates
... $50 a barrel – dragging down with it the viability of renewable energy options. There is a prospect of much greater change in the future as emission permits become more restrictive under the European Emissions Trading System (ETS 4) and the price of carbon rises, and the mechanisms start to come int ...
... $50 a barrel – dragging down with it the viability of renewable energy options. There is a prospect of much greater change in the future as emission permits become more restrictive under the European Emissions Trading System (ETS 4) and the price of carbon rises, and the mechanisms start to come int ...
PDF
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... the USA, remain responsible for the greatest emissions of carbon dioxide and other green house gases. These are the same countries that coined several linguistic discourses and metaphors around the word carbon (lexical creativity) to come up with several carbon clusters and compounds in order to reg ...
... the USA, remain responsible for the greatest emissions of carbon dioxide and other green house gases. These are the same countries that coined several linguistic discourses and metaphors around the word carbon (lexical creativity) to come up with several carbon clusters and compounds in order to reg ...
Population, Wealth, and Climate Change
... production emissions (emissions produced within a country) rather than consumption emissions which additionally include emissions resulting from the manufacture of imports (less emissions from exports). A more informative picture is likely to have emerged if consumption emissions had been used in pl ...
... production emissions (emissions produced within a country) rather than consumption emissions which additionally include emissions resulting from the manufacture of imports (less emissions from exports). A more informative picture is likely to have emerged if consumption emissions had been used in pl ...
Interactions of the carbon cycle, human activity, and the climate system
... disturbance, the requirements for accuracy are high. Thus, a key research area is to reduce uncertainty on the global budget to levels adequate for process attribution and assessment of GHG impacts of climate mitigation. This will be done through improved observations and models for each of the comp ...
... disturbance, the requirements for accuracy are high. Thus, a key research area is to reduce uncertainty on the global budget to levels adequate for process attribution and assessment of GHG impacts of climate mitigation. This will be done through improved observations and models for each of the comp ...
Australia`s carbon budget based on global effort sharing
... yearly emissions reductions required by the scenarios can exceed the technically possible (compare chapter 2.4). The emissions reductions to comply with these budgets do thereby not necessarily need to take place in Australia but can be achieved through supporting other countries in achieving emissi ...
... yearly emissions reductions required by the scenarios can exceed the technically possible (compare chapter 2.4). The emissions reductions to comply with these budgets do thereby not necessarily need to take place in Australia but can be achieved through supporting other countries in achieving emissi ...
10 Years of Advancing Knowledge on the Global Carbon Cycle and
... Natural land and ocean CO2 sinks removed 57% (or 5.3 PgC per year) of all CO2 emitted from human activities during 1958-2008. During this period the size of the natural sinks has grown, but likely at a slower pace than emissions have grown, although the year-to-year variability is large. This could ...
... Natural land and ocean CO2 sinks removed 57% (or 5.3 PgC per year) of all CO2 emitted from human activities during 1958-2008. During this period the size of the natural sinks has grown, but likely at a slower pace than emissions have grown, although the year-to-year variability is large. This could ...
improving climate change reporting AN ACCA AND FTSE GROUP DiSCUSSiON PAPER
... The message of this report does not make entirely comfortable reading. Even the leading sustainability and CSR reporters are not reporting evenly across all the key climate change issues – especially on those relating to product impacts and transformational initiatives. And it is clear that such rep ...
... The message of this report does not make entirely comfortable reading. Even the leading sustainability and CSR reporters are not reporting evenly across all the key climate change issues – especially on those relating to product impacts and transformational initiatives. And it is clear that such rep ...
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... Carbon-constrained countries adopt stringent climate policies to cut their consumption of fossil fuels. This will push down the international prices of fossil fuels. These reduced prices will in turn induce an increase in fossil fuels in countries with less stringent climate policies, thus leading t ...
... Carbon-constrained countries adopt stringent climate policies to cut their consumption of fossil fuels. This will push down the international prices of fossil fuels. These reduced prices will in turn induce an increase in fossil fuels in countries with less stringent climate policies, thus leading t ...
implications of long-term scenarios for medium
... The greenhouse gas emission reduction range of 40% to 70% by 2050, which is often quoted from the IPCC report, is not only due to uncertainty about technology performance or the climate system, but is also a reflection of policy choice. Scenarios that avoid net negative CO2 emissions show emission r ...
... The greenhouse gas emission reduction range of 40% to 70% by 2050, which is often quoted from the IPCC report, is not only due to uncertainty about technology performance or the climate system, but is also a reflection of policy choice. Scenarios that avoid net negative CO2 emissions show emission r ...
Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth
... We will leave these econometric issues aside however and instead focus on the fact that the overwhelming majority of empirical CKC studies use domestic production-based CO2 emissions data to test the Kuznets hypothesis—and hence overlook the emissions embodied in international trade and in global co ...
... We will leave these econometric issues aside however and instead focus on the fact that the overwhelming majority of empirical CKC studies use domestic production-based CO2 emissions data to test the Kuznets hypothesis—and hence overlook the emissions embodied in international trade and in global co ...
Capturing all abatement potential currently modeled can reduce
... • What has to be done • How, where, and at what cost • Financing needs and sources ...
... • What has to be done • How, where, and at what cost • Financing needs and sources ...
2010_09_icao_grounded PDF, 750.6 KByte
... between 1960 and 2008, a rate comparable to the rate of improvement in other transport modes. However the average fuel efficiency improvement of new aircraft since 2000 has been flat, having improved only modestly since 1990. The primary driver of the drop-off in improvement in fuel efficiency appea ...
... between 1960 and 2008, a rate comparable to the rate of improvement in other transport modes. However the average fuel efficiency improvement of new aircraft since 2000 has been flat, having improved only modestly since 1990. The primary driver of the drop-off in improvement in fuel efficiency appea ...
PDF
... In order to ensure a general equilibrium solution, the number of endogenous variables and model equations must be equal. Methane released from rice-growing ...
... In order to ensure a general equilibrium solution, the number of endogenous variables and model equations must be equal. Methane released from rice-growing ...
Features of the Prototype Nations Climate Model
... • Runs fast for high-iteration model testing – Model simulates 500 years in less than .1 second – Allows for practical analysis in areas such as uncertainty, tradeoffs, optimization, and robustness ...
... • Runs fast for high-iteration model testing – Model simulates 500 years in less than .1 second – Allows for practical analysis in areas such as uncertainty, tradeoffs, optimization, and robustness ...
A modified impulse-response representation of the global response
... response over the 21st century to both high-emission and mitigation scenarios estimated from more complex models. Section 2 describes the formalism of the model that we use. Section 3 then demonstrates the model’s ability in replicating ESM behaviour under a set of idealised experiments, namely thos ...
... response over the 21st century to both high-emission and mitigation scenarios estimated from more complex models. Section 2 describes the formalism of the model that we use. Section 3 then demonstrates the model’s ability in replicating ESM behaviour under a set of idealised experiments, namely thos ...
Carbon Credit Development - International Journal of Innovative
... for an emission reduction5 mechanism whereby individuals and corporations pay for reductions elsewhere in order to offset their own emissions6 a credit for negating or diminishing the impact of emitting a tonn of carbon dioxide by paying someone else to absorb or avoid the release of a ton of CO2 el ...
... for an emission reduction5 mechanism whereby individuals and corporations pay for reductions elsewhere in order to offset their own emissions6 a credit for negating or diminishing the impact of emitting a tonn of carbon dioxide by paying someone else to absorb or avoid the release of a ton of CO2 el ...
Key elements of a global deal on climate change
... countries as developed and developing countries, which are broadly analogous to those Kyoto definitions. However, there is much variation within these two groups. For example, while there are developed countries that are around five times richer than the global average, there are also developing cou ...
... countries as developed and developing countries, which are broadly analogous to those Kyoto definitions. However, there is much variation within these two groups. For example, while there are developed countries that are around five times richer than the global average, there are also developing cou ...
The Sub-Saharan Africa carbon balance, an overview
... seasonally-dry areas, such as the role of termites in CH4 , CO2 and N2 O production in African savannas and forests and the impact of land use change on such source; the magnitude and length of the GHGs pulses which follow rain events in dry areas; the impact of frequent fires on post-burning GHGs r ...
... seasonally-dry areas, such as the role of termites in CH4 , CO2 and N2 O production in African savannas and forests and the impact of land use change on such source; the magnitude and length of the GHGs pulses which follow rain events in dry areas; the impact of frequent fires on post-burning GHGs r ...
Table 2: Effects of including different features on the estimated costs
... Concerns that REDD policies would be implemented in a way that does not achieve the anticipated emissions reductions and may conflict with other social and environmental objectives. Achieving the expected GHG reductions is potentially difficult due to the practical difficulties of monitoring and enf ...
... Concerns that REDD policies would be implemented in a way that does not achieve the anticipated emissions reductions and may conflict with other social and environmental objectives. Achieving the expected GHG reductions is potentially difficult due to the practical difficulties of monitoring and enf ...
CESifo Working Paper no. 2758
... Figure 2 shows the overall growth in absolute emissions among countries grouped by income. It shows that the share in CO2 emissions from middle and low income countries has risen considerably between 1975 and 2004. As many of those countries are in the stage of industrialization we expect this tren ...
... Figure 2 shows the overall growth in absolute emissions among countries grouped by income. It shows that the share in CO2 emissions from middle and low income countries has risen considerably between 1975 and 2004. As many of those countries are in the stage of industrialization we expect this tren ...
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... adopted in the ICLIPS framework is built on a classic formulation of optimal growth models (Ramsey, 1928; Solow, 1970). This makes it a relative of the DICE/ RICE family. The AEM elucidates endogenously the (transitional) investment and capital accumulation cycle. The actors’ behavior and decisions ...
... adopted in the ICLIPS framework is built on a classic formulation of optimal growth models (Ramsey, 1928; Solow, 1970). This makes it a relative of the DICE/ RICE family. The AEM elucidates endogenously the (transitional) investment and capital accumulation cycle. The actors’ behavior and decisions ...
Climate Leadership report to minister executive summary
... many of these resources available at lower cost than we would previously have thought possible. This leaves Albertans with a choice not faced in the same way by other jurisdictions: aggressive action on climate change means foregoing what for decades has been our comparative advantage, or at a minim ...
... many of these resources available at lower cost than we would previously have thought possible. This leaves Albertans with a choice not faced in the same way by other jurisdictions: aggressive action on climate change means foregoing what for decades has been our comparative advantage, or at a minim ...
PDF
... income effects). For years, the secondary clause of this theorem--that the distribution of property rights would not affect efficiency--was used as a justification to ignore equity, since it had no affect on efficiency. Ironically, it now offers a reason to address it. For example, as noted in the i ...
... income effects). For years, the secondary clause of this theorem--that the distribution of property rights would not affect efficiency--was used as a justification to ignore equity, since it had no affect on efficiency. Ironically, it now offers a reason to address it. For example, as noted in the i ...
a guide on climate change for private equity investors
... Furthermore, if climate change is likely to be a drag on economic growth, unless addressed, it will negatively affect the value of portfolios that invest in a cross section of assets, companies, sectors and markets. As such, considering the impact of climate change and seeking economic ways to impro ...
... Furthermore, if climate change is likely to be a drag on economic growth, unless addressed, it will negatively affect the value of portfolios that invest in a cross section of assets, companies, sectors and markets. As such, considering the impact of climate change and seeking economic ways to impro ...