Anatomy and histology of apical support: a literature review
... Gabriel et al. [25] compared the structural components of the USL in women with and without POP. USLs were found to contain approximately 20 % smooth muscle cells. There was no difference in collagen I expression and smooth muscle cell amount between women with and without prolapse. In contrast, col ...
... Gabriel et al. [25] compared the structural components of the USL in women with and without POP. USLs were found to contain approximately 20 % smooth muscle cells. There was no difference in collagen I expression and smooth muscle cell amount between women with and without prolapse. In contrast, col ...
HELICOBACTER PYLORI VacA, A PARADIGM FOR TOXIN
... The importance of bacterial toxins in infectious diseases was recognized more than a century ago, when it was discovered that culture filtrates of many pathogens contain soluble factors that can damage host tissues1. Over the past century, more than one hundred different toxins that are produced by ...
... The importance of bacterial toxins in infectious diseases was recognized more than a century ago, when it was discovered that culture filtrates of many pathogens contain soluble factors that can damage host tissues1. Over the past century, more than one hundred different toxins that are produced by ...
Interactions of Elongation Factor 1 Cell Protrusions with F-Actin and
... sorting of -actin protein to this region. -Actin has been suggested to be an important player in leading edge dynamics by virtue of its isoform-specific interaction with other proteins (such as ezrin and -Cap73; Shuster et al., 1996). The sorting of -actin mRNA requires transport and then select ...
... sorting of -actin protein to this region. -Actin has been suggested to be an important player in leading edge dynamics by virtue of its isoform-specific interaction with other proteins (such as ezrin and -Cap73; Shuster et al., 1996). The sorting of -actin mRNA requires transport and then select ...
BIOACCUMULATION OF METAL CATIONS BY YEAST AND YEAST
... chitosan and proteins, the carboxyl groups of proteins, and the phosphate groups of phosphomannans were found to be efficient groups for the accumulation of copper, the less effective hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate polymers (glucans and mannans) had a similar overall capacity for copper accumul ...
... chitosan and proteins, the carboxyl groups of proteins, and the phosphate groups of phosphomannans were found to be efficient groups for the accumulation of copper, the less effective hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate polymers (glucans and mannans) had a similar overall capacity for copper accumul ...
The Young Mouse Heart Is Composed of Myocytes Heterogeneous
... The documentation that senescent and nonsenescent myocytes are present in the young adult mouse heart raised the question whether structural heterogeneity is paralleled by a similar variability in mechanical performance. Comparable results at the physiological level would support the notion that the ...
... The documentation that senescent and nonsenescent myocytes are present in the young adult mouse heart raised the question whether structural heterogeneity is paralleled by a similar variability in mechanical performance. Comparable results at the physiological level would support the notion that the ...
NCAM Polypeptides in Heart Development: Association with Z Discs
... cytoplasmic domain; MSD, muscle-specific domain; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; OTG, octylthioglucopyranoside; PIPLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; sd, small cytoplasmic domain; ssd, small surface domain; VASE, variable domain alternatively spliced exon. ...
... cytoplasmic domain; MSD, muscle-specific domain; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; OTG, octylthioglucopyranoside; PIPLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; sd, small cytoplasmic domain; ssd, small surface domain; VASE, variable domain alternatively spliced exon. ...
... frequently were found associated with the three-way junctions of ER tubules, where they often remained stable for tens of seconds. Occasionally, individual stacks appeared to break free from the cortical ER network and traverse the cytoplasm before rejoining the network (Figure 2A, arrows). These Go ...
The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX2 regulates
... cell wall synthesis-related genes show negative correlation with BP expression levels, and BP protein binds to the promoters of some of these genes in vitro (Mele et al., 2003). Partially redundant roles of STM and BP are revealed by as1 stm double mutants, which form a functional SAM that is lost i ...
... cell wall synthesis-related genes show negative correlation with BP expression levels, and BP protein binds to the promoters of some of these genes in vitro (Mele et al., 2003). Partially redundant roles of STM and BP are revealed by as1 stm double mutants, which form a functional SAM that is lost i ...
Radial secondary growth and formation of successive cambia and
... vessels, and axial and ray parenchyma. Similarly, the phloem consists of sieve tube elements, companion cells, and axial parenchyma cells. The length and width of the vessel elements remain more or less similar to those of the vessel elements produced from functionally normal and reverse cambium. At ...
... vessels, and axial and ray parenchyma. Similarly, the phloem consists of sieve tube elements, companion cells, and axial parenchyma cells. The length and width of the vessel elements remain more or less similar to those of the vessel elements produced from functionally normal and reverse cambium. At ...
The 21-day postnatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cell in culture as
... medium to the experimental set of cardiomyocytes. DMSO (Sigma; 0.02%), the vehicle for TPA, was added to the control set of cardiomyocytes. Cell cycle-specific expression array protocol RNA isolated from 21-day ventricular cardiac muscle cells cultured in the presence or absence of TPA was dissolved ...
... medium to the experimental set of cardiomyocytes. DMSO (Sigma; 0.02%), the vehicle for TPA, was added to the control set of cardiomyocytes. Cell cycle-specific expression array protocol RNA isolated from 21-day ventricular cardiac muscle cells cultured in the presence or absence of TPA was dissolved ...
Multiple classes of yeast mutants are defective in vacuole
... To examine localization of vacuolar proteases from whole cells, we labeled yeast as described previously (Klionsky et al., 1992) for 5 min in SMD (0.067% yeast nitrogen base, 2% glucose, vitamins, and required amino acids) in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA; 2.5 mg/ml). Nonradioactive chas ...
... To examine localization of vacuolar proteases from whole cells, we labeled yeast as described previously (Klionsky et al., 1992) for 5 min in SMD (0.067% yeast nitrogen base, 2% glucose, vitamins, and required amino acids) in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA; 2.5 mg/ml). Nonradioactive chas ...
Characterization of the Nucleolar Gene Product, Treacle, in Treacher Collins Syndrome
... amino acids shorter than its human ortholog, [35S]methionine- and [35S]cysteine-labeled mouse treacle migrated as a single band of ⬃220 kDa, confirming the aberrant mobility of treacle on SDS-PAGE. This unusual behavior was very reminiscent of the treacle-related protein Nopp140, which migrates as a ...
... amino acids shorter than its human ortholog, [35S]methionine- and [35S]cysteine-labeled mouse treacle migrated as a single band of ⬃220 kDa, confirming the aberrant mobility of treacle on SDS-PAGE. This unusual behavior was very reminiscent of the treacle-related protein Nopp140, which migrates as a ...
Acyl-CoA oxidase is imported as a heteropentameric, cofactor
... whereas the 200KgP fraction is enriched for high-speed pelletable peroxisomes (Titorenko et al., 1998, 2000). Fractionation of the 20KgP by isopycnic centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient revealed that all five isoforms of Aox localized to fractions containing mature peroxisomes ...
... whereas the 200KgP fraction is enriched for high-speed pelletable peroxisomes (Titorenko et al., 1998, 2000). Fractionation of the 20KgP by isopycnic centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient revealed that all five isoforms of Aox localized to fractions containing mature peroxisomes ...
Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of
... Plant cells specify their shapes with the aid of cytoskeletal systems. The unicellular leaf trichome of Arabidopsis thaliana has served as a model for studying the function of microtubule and actin networks in the differentiation of plant cells (Schnittger and Hülskamp, 2002; Smith and Oppenheimer, ...
... Plant cells specify their shapes with the aid of cytoskeletal systems. The unicellular leaf trichome of Arabidopsis thaliana has served as a model for studying the function of microtubule and actin networks in the differentiation of plant cells (Schnittger and Hülskamp, 2002; Smith and Oppenheimer, ...
Olfactory Bulb Neurons of Adult Zebrafish Morphology, Distribution
... primarily in the glomerular layer and superficial internal cell layer, had variable shaped somata that ranged in size from 5-20pm in diameter and 22-156pm2 in surface area. These cells typically had a single dendritic tuft, although some cells possessed multiple primary dendrites. Even mitral cells ...
... primarily in the glomerular layer and superficial internal cell layer, had variable shaped somata that ranged in size from 5-20pm in diameter and 22-156pm2 in surface area. These cells typically had a single dendritic tuft, although some cells possessed multiple primary dendrites. Even mitral cells ...
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... provides structural support for developing embryos throughout this phylum (Jiang and Smith, 2007); a basement membrane and a perinotochordal sheath consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins contribute to its rigidity (Stemple, 2005). Elongation of the chordate body plan is in part accomplish ...
... provides structural support for developing embryos throughout this phylum (Jiang and Smith, 2007); a basement membrane and a perinotochordal sheath consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins contribute to its rigidity (Stemple, 2005). Elongation of the chordate body plan is in part accomplish ...
EMD Millipore Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktails
... multitude of cellular processes such as cell division, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Target proteins are phosphorylated by protein kinases that transfer a phosphate group to a specific protein, typically at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. The covalent attachment of a phosphoryl group c ...
... multitude of cellular processes such as cell division, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Target proteins are phosphorylated by protein kinases that transfer a phosphate group to a specific protein, typically at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. The covalent attachment of a phosphoryl group c ...
Dissecting stimulus-specific Ca2+ signals in amyloplasts and
... Heterotrophic cell cultures were challenged with different environmental stimuli with well-established Ca2+-mediated signal transduction. This allowed us to monitor in parallel Ca2+ dynamics in the bulk cytosol, the cytosolic microdomain just outside plastids (by means of the aequorin chimera target ...
... Heterotrophic cell cultures were challenged with different environmental stimuli with well-established Ca2+-mediated signal transduction. This allowed us to monitor in parallel Ca2+ dynamics in the bulk cytosol, the cytosolic microdomain just outside plastids (by means of the aequorin chimera target ...
The head organizer in Hydra
... An adult Hydra has the shape of a cylindrical shell consisting of two tissue layers: an ectoderm and an endoderm that make up the head, body column and basal disk (Fig. 1). An organizer is usually associated with the early stages of the development of an embryo. As described above, an adult Hydra ha ...
... An adult Hydra has the shape of a cylindrical shell consisting of two tissue layers: an ectoderm and an endoderm that make up the head, body column and basal disk (Fig. 1). An organizer is usually associated with the early stages of the development of an embryo. As described above, an adult Hydra ha ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).