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Kant and the Role of Pleasure in Moral Action
Kant and the Role of Pleasure in Moral Action

... In what follows I will not rehearse the scholarly debate that has surrounded this particular issue in any great detail; this has been adequately done elsewhere.3 In the most general terms, then, the central disagreement in the secondary literature is over whether respect as a feeling is the actual m ...
Meta-Ethics and the Problem of Creeping
Meta-Ethics and the Problem of Creeping

... grammar of moral language, they say, is misleading. Timmons points out that SA functions as an unquestioned assumption common to descriptivists and expressivists (MG seems unquestionable!), and that once questioned it is difficult to defend. Why should we think that the notion of assertion is tied c ...
Virtue Ethics and the Challenge of Relativity
Virtue Ethics and the Challenge of Relativity

... what courage is would dramatically differ depending on the particular tradition we were discussing. Thus Aristotle’s understanding of courage related only to the experience of facing immanent death, most notably in battle. For an early Christian courage specifically had to do with maintaining one’s ...
Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes

... It turns out, though, that one resilient belief remains. If deluded by illusion, led astray by a dream, or deceived by a demon, Descartes nevertheless cannot doubt that he himself exists. This is the first certainty of the Meditations, the anchor or foundation on which the Cartesian project depends: ...
Kant`s Deconstruction of the Principle of Sufficient Reason
Kant`s Deconstruction of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

... credit for having finally provided the proof of the 'principle of sufficient reason' that his predecessors in German post-Leibnizian philosophy had sought in vain. They could not provide such a proof, he says, beca~lse they lacked the transcendental method of the Critique oj'Pure Reason. According t ...
The Emergence of Self-Awareness
The Emergence of Self-Awareness

... soulful it is – the more robust its selfhood, its existence as an “I”. A snail probably has no conception of itself whatever, and to that extent is soulless. A dog has some conception: it knows that its paw is its own. But the dog’s self-conception is very limited. For example, studies show that dog ...
Annas, Aristotle Kant and the Stoics
Annas, Aristotle Kant and the Stoics

... wealth, which we generally have reason to go for, are preferred indifferents, while their opposites are dispreferred. 14 The corollary of this for practical reasoning is drastic: only virtue is cho­ sen, while the preferred indifferents are selected. This is an artificial distinc­ tion which the Sto ...
The Influence of Classification on World View and Epistemology
The Influence of Classification on World View and Epistemology

... As scientific classification usually comes after the formation of concept of universal in the mind, so it is suitable to reconsider the process of perception and epistemology. It is obvious that the basis of our knowledge is one’s self knowledge. And the real perception is the presence of one near h ...
predication theory: classical vs modern
predication theory: classical vs modern

... 4. Two groups of pre- Fregean logicians with regard to the new higher predicates Not everybody among the pre- Fregean logicians has been interested in the new higher predicates; the latter are not, after all, the predicates with which "as a rule arguments and inquiries are concerned" (cf. the end o ...
Autonomy of the Other: on Kant, Levinas, and Universality
Autonomy of the Other: on Kant, Levinas, and Universality

... slave of the passions” (Hume 1978: 415). Hume argues that the faculty of reason can only be used to work out the best means of achieving a certain aim, but it can have no influence on that aim itself. It thus has no normative dimension. Values are ultimately the product of contingent desires or sent ...
Ethics without Ontology
Ethics without Ontology

... him on our farm. One day he had been drinking, and became enraged at one of our domestics and cut his throat, whereupon my father bound him hand and foot and threw him into a ditch. Then he sent a man to Athens to find out from the seer what ought to be done-meanwhile paying no attention to the man ...
locke
locke

... actually accepted by every human being.  Furthermore, if universal agreement did exist about something, this agreement might have come about in a way other than through innate knowledge.  Locke offers another argument against innate knowledge, asserting that human beings cannot have ideas in their ...
Asian Philosophy CH. 10 of AP
Asian Philosophy CH. 10 of AP

... Rather, they hold that there is no mistake in the perception, there is a mistake in the relationship between what is seen and the predicate applied. There is a relationship error between the object seen, this here now, and the predicate applied, snake. One is applying the concept snake to a perceptu ...
Glendinning , Simon. 'Varieties of Neoliberalism' LEQS Paper No. 89, March 2015
Glendinning , Simon. 'Varieties of Neoliberalism' LEQS Paper No. 89, March 2015

... The   term   “neoliberalism”   is   encountered   everywhere   today.   In   popular   leftist   political   rhetoric it is often simply a place-holder  for  “contemporary  capitalism”,  “austerity  politics”,   and   “all   that   is   bad   in   our   world”,   giving that rhetoric the appearance ...
Human Nature and the Transcendent
Human Nature and the Transcendent

... A  nice  poetic  idea,  perhaps;  or  possibly  an  irritating  one,  depending  on  your  tastes.  But   either  way,  the  hardnosed  analytic  philosopher  (which  I  take  it  we  all  are,  at  least  from  time   to  time)  ma ...
Skepticism and Perceptual Faith: Henry David Thoreau and Stanley
Skepticism and Perceptual Faith: Henry David Thoreau and Stanley

... trust in those who have deceived us even once,”3 Descartes uses the language of intimate betrayal to characterize his own relationship with sensory experience. Never again, he tells us, will he be so naïve as to rely upon the evidence of the senses, because they have violated his trust before. In Wa ...
Nietzsche on Kant on Beauty and Disinterest
Nietzsche on Kant on Beauty and Disinterest

... run counter to the standard interpretation, it tends to be dismissed as ironic or perhaps the voice of his “interlocutor,” when it should at least be controversial whether it is so.) (d) Nietzsche continues: I only wish to underscore that Kant, like all philosophers, instead of envisaging the aesthe ...
Capitalism and Morality
Capitalism and Morality

... Rand identifies three cardinal values: Reason, Purpose, and Self-Esteem with three corresponding virtues, Rationality, Productiveness and Pride. Reason is our means of survival, and human survival, as Rand states, is the ultimate value, one that each individual must choose to discover and enact the ...
Paper titles and abstracts Dan Arnold: "Perception and the
Paper titles and abstracts Dan Arnold: "Perception and the

... game of inference with his celebrated redefinition of perceptual experience as that which is free from conceptual construction (nirvikalpaka). Bhartṛhari, Dignāga's senior, notoriously defends a precisely contrary thesis about the priority of language, that linguistic and conceptual ability pervade ...
Intentionality
Intentionality

... (1) Substitution of co-referring terms From ‘….a…’ and ‘a=b’ infer ‘…b…’ (For example: from ‘Vladimir is taller than George Orwell’ and ‘George Orwell=Eric Blair’ infer ‘Vladimir is taller than Eric Blair’.) ...
Confucian Ethics in the Analects as Virtue Ethics
Confucian Ethics in the Analects as Virtue Ethics

... Confucius refers to this type of figure as junzi (4.10). In the most advanced cases we see an authoritative figure who stands well above others, leading an entire civilization by example. These are the shengren, the sages (6.30, 7.26, 16.8, 19.12). Furthermore, the authoritative person understands ...
A Tension in Pragmatist and Neo
A Tension in Pragmatist and Neo

... conviction that, as Peirce also puts it, “there is no distinction of meaning so fine as to consist in anything but a possible difference of practice” (Peirce 1992: 131); or as he later frames it in 1903, “pragmatism teaches us [that] what we think is to be interpreted in terms of what we are prepare ...
Phronomoi Across Cultures: A Checklist
Phronomoi Across Cultures: A Checklist

... perspective of a broadened imagination is both a social and personal evaluation at one and the same time. And it is also a perspective that we take quite naturally since in society “we ...
Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals
Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals

... the source of such an active principlec as is conscience, or a sense of morals. You may want to say: Although no will or action can be immediately contradictory to reason, perhaps reason can be contradicted by some of the causes or effects of the action. The action may cause a judgment; or it may be ...
PDF - Postgraduate Journal of Aesthetics
PDF - Postgraduate Journal of Aesthetics

... which in turn is commonly explained with regard to beliefs and desires. Nevertheless the magnetism analogy given by Socrates to explicate divine inspiration suggests that the inspired subject is in some sense utterly passive with regard to his utterances. According to Socrates, the inspired subject ...
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Problem of universals

In metaphysics, the problem of universals refers to the question of whether properties exist, and if so, what they are. Properties are qualities or relations that two or more entities have in common. The various kinds of properties, such as qualities and relations are referred to as universals. For instance, one can imagine three cup holders on a table that have in common the quality of being circular or exemplifying circularity, or two daughters that have in common being the daughter of Frank. There are many such properties, such as being human, red, male or female, liquid, big or small, taller than, father of, etc.While philosophers agree that human beings talk and think about properties, they disagree on whether these universals exist in reality or merely in thought and speech.
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