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nothingness.plato.stanford.edu
nothingness.plato.stanford.edu

... Ockham’s razor, the least effort principle, the anthropic principle, etc On the other hand, Leibniz worried that the metaphysical preference for simplicity, when driven to its logical conclusion, yields the embarrassing prediction that there is nothing. After all, an empty world would be free of obj ...
Efforts to Explain all Existence
Efforts to Explain all Existence

... affair. No amount of abstract argument should be allowed to shake our confidence in this plain fact. Of course, that nobody exists could never be verifiably the case; it would be self-refuting when affirmed; but this only goes to show that not everything which might be the case could be verified or ...
4 - Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis
4 - Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis

... project. I will, accordingly, use her depiction of Kant as an aid in crafting my own portrait of Peirce. My immediate aim is to attain a firmer grasp of Peircean pragmatism, especially in conjunction with the interwoven topics of rational agency and normative conflicts. My ultimate objective is, how ...
Fourteen pieces on eastern and western philosophy
Fourteen pieces on eastern and western philosophy

... Buddhism gathered influence. In contrast with the moral and regulatory force of Confucianism, Taoism was against extensive institutional regulation and preferred room for natural impulse. While Confucianism focused on practical things, Taoism better satisfied the urge for an underlying metaphysics. ...
Kant`s Distinction Between Theoretical and Practical Knowledge
Kant`s Distinction Between Theoretical and Practical Knowledge

... natures and the relations of fitness and propriety derivable from them, just as reason's theoretical knowledge lies in an apprehension of the independently subsisting essences and natures of the things that are. For the rational intuitionist, then, in both the practical and the theoretical case, kno ...
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals

... and this especially as years increase and the judgement is partly made wiser by experience and partly, also, more acute in observation. This being so, nothing can secure us from falling away altogether from our ideas of duty, or maintain in the soul a well-grounded respect for its law, but the clear ...
Friendship - The University of Sydney
Friendship - The University of Sydney

... in De Anima 415 b 13 —“In the case of living things, their being is to live.”4) 4) Inherent in this perception of existing is another perception, specifically human, which takes the form of a concurrent perception (synaisthanesthai) of the friendʼs existence. Friendship is the instance of this concu ...
on the ambiguity of international law
on the ambiguity of international law

... Summarising, one could say that international law has progressed to a substantively more universal category, and thus to a more cosmopolitan medium.21 In the first place, it presents itself to us with an ever expanding horizontal scope. There are more and more policy areas, among them very importan ...
Latin and Greek for Philosophers
Latin and Greek for Philosophers

... remember the valid forms of the syllogism (‘Barbara’, ‘Celarent’, ‘Darii’, etc.). Since one of these syllogism consisted of three universal-affirmative (or ‘a’) propositions it was associated with a woman’s name containing three a’s). Aristotle held that Barbara was the most appropriate argument for ...
Latin and Greek for Philosophers
Latin and Greek for Philosophers

... statements (statements concerning what a person knows, believes, wants, etc.—also known as attributions in an opaque context). When we say that ‘John believes that someone is out to get him’ we might mean either that John believes that someone (unspecified) means to do him some harm (the de dicto in ...
Epistemology Dehumanized
Epistemology Dehumanized

... development. While a neonate may “see,” in the sense that it is not blind, only much later does it see Mother. Mere sensation is at most a necessary prelude to cognition, and itself cognitive only by courtesy. It should not be confused with experience, which Kant described as “a species of knowledg ...
problemsofphilosophy
problemsofphilosophy

... THE PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY · Bertrand Russell ...
PDF version - Studies in the History of Ethics
PDF version - Studies in the History of Ethics

... ‘Do good and avoid evil’ is trivial because the concept of a good action is simply that of an action that is to be done, and the concept of an evil action is that of one that is to be omitted. The principle attributed here to Richard Cumberland is actually one that is held, in various forms, by vir ...
Philosophy and concept formation in narrative therapy An
Philosophy and concept formation in narrative therapy An

... Nietzsche was not afraid of having ideals about human beings, which I guess we all have – even if we declare that we don’t have or dint want to have ideals – that can be the ideal, not to have any ideal. Today it might be political incorrect to have any ideals. Nietzsches ideal of a human being was ...
Kripke, A Priori Knowledge, Necessity and Contingency
Kripke, A Priori Knowledge, Necessity and Contingency

... Phosphorus = the star right there in the evening sky. The star right there in the morning sky = the star right there in the evening sky. Hesperus = Phosphorus ...
Why Didn╎t Plato Just Write Arguments? The Role of Image
Why Didn╎t Plato Just Write Arguments? The Role of Image

... activity carried out beyond the human realm. The Phaedo offers a conception of philosophy as a human activity carried out within—and because of—our limitations. Our first indication that philosophy might be the remedy for human limitation comes not from Socrates, but from Simmias. Simmias and Cebes ...
Logos and Forms in Phaedo 96a-102a
Logos and Forms in Phaedo 96a-102a

... καὶ φθορᾶϚ τὴν αἰτίαν διαπραγματεύσασθαι, 95e-96a). Here begins the digression which the Platonic Socrates had in mind from the very beginning of the dialogue. He can now consider the issue that has always been his vital concern, namely Forms as »causes of coming-to-be and perishing«, and through hi ...
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics

... 1991). It must be noted here though that Aristotle's account, that of metaphysics as the science of essence, is itself a metaphysical answer to the question about the nature of metaphysics. He does consider other possible answers to the question as well, namely that the primary being is either the p ...
chapter 2 - Test Bank
chapter 2 - Test Bank

... For the consequentialist, the key to determining whether an action or rule is ethically proper or improper is a determination of the consequences of performing the action or following the rule. Here you should distinguish between egoism, where the scope is very narrow -- viz. the individual -- and u ...
Matthew Shen Goodman SOAN Senior Comprehensive Thesis
Matthew Shen Goodman SOAN Senior Comprehensive Thesis

... to an object and saying, "that's a cup." Of course, pleasure and displeasure arises from science or logic, but Kant here makes claims for a non-cognitive joy. The aesthetic experience uses cognitive faculties, but not in a way that serves the ends of cognition. Being aesthetic, or rooted in the sub ...
Markie, Speckles, and Classical Foundationalism
Markie, Speckles, and Classical Foundationalism

... Rather, one is appeared to only many-speckled-ly, and when one is directly acquainted with the exemplification of that property as one has the relevant thought and awareness of the relevant correspondence, one has only noninferential justification for believing that one is appeared to many-speckled- ...
HOLISM AND REALISM - Jacques Maritain Center
HOLISM AND REALISM - Jacques Maritain Center

... Thus, Maritain claims that meaning and reference in science simply do not depend on assuming that theoretical posits have anything other than theoretical being, nor does the physicist need to think he is actually referring to objects that are extramentally specified according to some objective gener ...
The Human Intellect: Aristotle`s Conception of Νοῦς
The Human Intellect: Aristotle`s Conception of Νοῦς

... the form and actuality that makes the living thing the specific unified being that it is. The living body has its existence and characteristics because of the soul, not vice versa. I then discuss the criteria Aristotle uses for determining the value and distinctiveness of an activity. In chapter fiv ...
Roman Ingarden: Ontological Foundations for Literary Theory
Roman Ingarden: Ontological Foundations for Literary Theory

... of reading works of fiction is--from this point of view-almost identical with our mode of reading not only historical works but also e.g. newspaper reports concerning our contemporaries. In no case do we find it possible, in our reading, to draw a line between indeterminacies which are merely episte ...
Document
Document

... Kant brought the notion of respect (Achtung) to the center of moral philosophy for the first time. To respect people is to treat them as ends in themselves. He sees people as autonomous, i.e., as giving the moral law to ...
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Problem of universals

In metaphysics, the problem of universals refers to the question of whether properties exist, and if so, what they are. Properties are qualities or relations that two or more entities have in common. The various kinds of properties, such as qualities and relations are referred to as universals. For instance, one can imagine three cup holders on a table that have in common the quality of being circular or exemplifying circularity, or two daughters that have in common being the daughter of Frank. There are many such properties, such as being human, red, male or female, liquid, big or small, taller than, father of, etc.While philosophers agree that human beings talk and think about properties, they disagree on whether these universals exist in reality or merely in thought and speech.
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