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Power Quality Improvement through Unified power quality
Power Quality Improvement through Unified power quality

... The UPQC is installed in order to protect a sensitive load from all disturbances. It is a combination of series and shunt active filters, two active filters have different functions and they are consists of two voltage source inverters implemented with Insulated gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) and ...
Section #26 33 53 - Static Uninterruptible Power Supply
Section #26 33 53 - Static Uninterruptible Power Supply

... Automatically maintain battery in fully charged state while mains power available, and maintain dc float voltage within +/-1% of setting, no load to full load, during mains voltage variations up to +/-10%. Battery charging rate such that after battery has provided full load power output for specifie ...
Future applications based on the data provided by next generation
Future applications based on the data provided by next generation

... while setting the thresholds because if the setting is too aggressive then it could result in false detections. The absolute values of the power supply will be obtained and compared with the configured operation limits of Voltage variation (under-voltage, over-voltage), Frequency variation (under-fr ...
Solid State Relays Accessories.POWER Type RV
Solid State Relays Accessories.POWER Type RV

Final Presentation - High Speed Digital Systems Lab
Final Presentation - High Speed Digital Systems Lab

... instead of Boost converter to prevent possible noises and to reduce BOM price. Because we can’t trust that the USB power is always +5v and not less, we couldn’t use only one charge pump to double it, so we needed two charge pumps with more than +5v operating voltage range. We found only one charge p ...
ppt - Computer Science at Princeton University
ppt - Computer Science at Princeton University

... Given a circuit, decide if it is “trivial” (no matter the input, it either always outputs 1 or always outputs 0) ...
COMMON EMITTER RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER
COMMON EMITTER RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER

... amplifier to function properly, it should operate in the active region. Let us consider this simple situation where there is no biasing for the transistor. As we all know, a silicon transistor requires 0.7 volts for switch ON and surely this 0.7 V will be taken from the input audio signal by the tra ...
Active power filter control using neural network technologies
Active power filter control using neural network technologies

... excellent dynamic performance. In this paper, a shunt APF with hysteresis band control is used to compensate the nonlinear loads. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been systematically applied to electrical engineering [S, 91. Nowadays, this technique is considered as a new tool for designing AP ...
T3000 Frequency Relay
T3000 Frequency Relay

ultra high voltage operational amplifier
ultra high voltage operational amplifier

Chapter 3 Data Transmission
Chapter 3 Data Transmission

- Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc.
- Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc.

... magnetic fusion science. High voltage and current supplies are needed to mitigate instabilities in all experiments as well as disruption events in large scale tokamaks for steady-state operation. Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs offer many advantages over IGBTs including lower drive energy requirements ...
`Flash` Analog-to-Digital Conversion
`Flash` Analog-to-Digital Conversion

... A circuit that accepts an analog voltage (or current) and produces a numerical value (in binary) that represents the value of the voltage (or current) is known as an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). There are a number of different circuit topologies that perform ADC, each with its own set of advan ...
Word Version - DCC - LIGO Document Control Center Portal
Word Version - DCC - LIGO Document Control Center Portal

... possible failure of the IC. Unfortunately, attempts to find amplifiers without this tendency have not been very successful. It is still common to find some applications that can only be properly served by these ill tempered devices. Scenarios leading to unbalanced DC power supplies include: failure ...
frequency controlled ac motor drive - Allen
frequency controlled ac motor drive - Allen

... moments of inertia of the drive, the motor's speed will also fluctuate at this frequency. At lower frequencies it is accordingly advisable to use a modulation method known as sine modulation (Figure 12). ...
Title should be like this A P Robinson1, P L Lewin1, S
Title should be like this A P Robinson1, P L Lewin1, S

... Sine waveform from the Function Generator to the Amplifier (10Hz, Time offset to suit the total delay time of the pulse generator) ...
Power Supplies for Tetrode High Power Amplifiers at FREIA ESS TDR Contribution
Power Supplies for Tetrode High Power Amplifiers at FREIA ESS TDR Contribution

... 5. A current limiting resistor and/or inductance is needed to limit current if an arc occurs. 6. The output of the power supply can be directly connected to the capacitor or via a step-up converter. There are two alternatives (see figure 2): crowbar or series-resonant circuit. The first option with ...
Uses for constant current power in Industrial Applications
Uses for constant current power in Industrial Applications

... varying load current demands and the second, ‘constant current’ where the current is maintained constant to vary the voltage applied to the load. Since current flow is closely related to the flow of charge over time ( ...
2015 Dryuchko A. G., Сandidate of Chemical Sciences, Storozhenko
2015 Dryuchko A. G., Сandidate of Chemical Sciences, Storozhenko

... amplifier approaches zero, and the power valve closes. The system slowly passes through the number of successive quasi close states, reproducing linear temperature regularity in the heating zone with time. A device with such additional linear chain «N. F. B.» shows a weak dependence on the instabili ...
Shielding and Grounding
Shielding and Grounding

... Multi-axis motion control servo systems contain digital and micro-processor circuitry that can be affected by ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI). They also contain high energy switching amplifiers which can generate significant EMI at frequencies from 10MHz to 300MHz. Clearly the potential exists fo ...
IXYS POWER
IXYS POWER

... PolarPTM P-Channel MOSFETs Cost effective solution to ‘high side’ switching applications from 100 to 600V • *Currently no P-Channel MOSFET in the market above 200V to compete • Reduction in component count, promoting cost savings and circuit simplification for designers • Low Rdson and Gate Charge c ...
for immediate release
for immediate release

SIVA INSTRUMENTS Digital Surge Tester
SIVA INSTRUMENTS Digital Surge Tester

ECE311 Lab 3 Setup
ECE311 Lab 3 Setup

Datasheet
Datasheet

< 1 ... 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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