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BAUR_violaTD_FINAL_english_TEXT
BAUR_violaTD_FINAL_english_TEXT

... Sulz, 29 March 2011 – The easy to transport cable testing devices from BAUR Prüf- und Messtechnik GmbH (Sulz/Austria) are now capable of interference-free diagnostics: Determining the tan delta (also called loss factor measurement) allows you to examine the aging condition without damage to the cabl ...
PDF
PDF

KBMD DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL QUICK
KBMD DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL QUICK

... protection, and grounding, can reduce the chance of electrical shocks, and/or fires, in this product or products used with this product, such as electric motors, switches, coils, solenoids, and/or relays. Do not use this drive in an explosion-proof application. Eye protection must be worn and insula ...
SAE-1100 Series Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detectors
SAE-1100 Series Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detectors

... and transmit CO (carbon monoxide) gas levels to any compatible electronic analog control or DDC automation system for the control of ventilation equipment in industrial and commercial applications. Such information is crucial to demand controlled ventilation that ensures adequate indoor air quality ...
Remote Voltage Sensor
Remote Voltage Sensor

RANE`S MP2015 ROTARY MIXER TECHNOLOGY
RANE`S MP2015 ROTARY MIXER TECHNOLOGY

Data Sheet
Data Sheet

... using a process that is no longer available. It is not recommended for new designs. The data sheet remains available for existing users. A Maxim replacement or an industry second-source may be available. Please see the QuickView data sheet for this part or contact technical support for assistance. F ...
DC to DC Converter (Switched Mode Power Supply) Design
DC to DC Converter (Switched Mode Power Supply) Design

... Why use dc/dc converters? In many designs there arises the need to convert one voltage to another. Linear regulators offer a simple low cost solution, but the heat they generate is often inefficient and bulky heat sinking is needed to dissipate the heat. A more elegant solution is a dc/dc converter ...
Lec 11
Lec 11

... called the dropout voltage. For example, a common regulator such as the 7805 has an output voltage of 5V, but can only maintain this if the input voltage remains above about 7V, before the output voltage begins sagging below the rated output. "Fixed" three-terminal linear regulators are commonly ava ...
High Efficiency, Fast Transient, 7A, 28V Synchronous Step
High Efficiency, Fast Transient, 7A, 28V Synchronous Step

... In the case of POSCAP or other types of capacitor with larger ESR is applied as output capacitor. The ESR ripple dominates the output ripple, and the slope on the FB is quite ESR related. Figure 6 shows an equivalent circuit in PWM mode with the HS-FET off and without an external ramp circuit. Turn ...
Low Power Low Offset Voltage Single Comparator
Low Power Low Offset Voltage Single Comparator

... common-mode input voltage unless otherwise specified. ** The voltage at either input or common-mode should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3V. The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is VCC -1.5V, but either or both inputs can go to 30V without damage ...
Modeling and Control of Renewable Source Boost Converter using
Modeling and Control of Renewable Source Boost Converter using

... renewable energy sources such as solar cell, wind mills, wind generators and fuel cell systems. Because of these advantages boost converters are more extensively used in industrial applications. Generally, DC-DC boost converters consist of power electronic circuits and semiconductor devices which ac ...
Now - PCB Piezotronics
Now - PCB Piezotronics

... value before applying weld current. After reaching the minimum value, the strain signal is used to immediately trigger weld current, which cuts cycle time and avoids electrode damage due to premature activation. The strain signal may also be used to control the desired force value throughout the wel ...
MAX2130EVKIT.pdf
MAX2130EVKIT.pdf

Word
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... We have previously accounted for the network effects in our one-machine-infinite-bus system by expressing Pei  ...
appendixD
appendixD

... green wires; common or neutral, which is usually not at zero volts (but typically less than a volt or so off ground), is returned to the generator without (supposedly) touching ground, and is usually connected with white wires; and, hot, which is at nominally 170 VAC and is usually connected with bl ...
A 0.7V Time-based Inductor for Fully Integrated Low Bandwidth
A 0.7V Time-based Inductor for Fully Integrated Low Bandwidth

PPT - EECS @ Michigan - University of Michigan
PPT - EECS @ Michigan - University of Michigan

... • Requires N-cycles per sample where N is # of bits • Goes from MSB to LSB ...
AND8129/DA 30 W Power Supply Operating in
AND8129/DA 30 W Power Supply Operating in

... the lack of a resonating network, this time made by Lp, the primary inductance, and nearly the same Ctot as before. As you can imagine, a sinusoidal ringing takes place, damped by the presence of ohmic losses (DC + AC resistance of the primary winding modeled by Rp). The drain−source shape rings as ...
EXPERIMENT: D/A Converter
EXPERIMENT: D/A Converter

TruWave VLT Sinewave Power Inverters
TruWave VLT Sinewave Power Inverters

... - Over and under voltage LEDs let you know if you have battery or charging system problems. - Over Temperature and Overload LEDs will indicate air flow restriction or excessive load to be turned off. - The Battery Voltage LED bar graph displays the DC input voltage of the inverter under operating co ...
SC190 - Semtech
SC190 - Semtech

... the same output as the switching regulator. The linear regulator minimizes the supply current drawn at light loads consuming only 10µA when supporting a 100µA load. The SC190 can swap between switching regulator and linear regulator mode under control of the MODE pin (see “handover” section). In thi ...
LXP brochure - Power Product Services
LXP brochure - Power Product Services

PENTEK XE-6, XE-8 PENTEK
PENTEK XE-6, XE-8 PENTEK

... • Pentek XE-6 owner’s manual PN989 ...
HF6212
HF6212

< 1 ... 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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