• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Lab 1: Common-source Amplifiers Introduction Preparation
Lab 1: Common-source Amplifiers Introduction Preparation

... 1. Implement the common-source amplifier on the breadboard. Connect a 50-Ω resistor across the input and the ground as shown in Figure 2 . This resistor is important for the voltage reading of the signal generator to be correct. Most of the signal generators have a 50-Ω output impedance and the volt ...
Stacking Our Solid State Relays for Higher Switching
Stacking Our Solid State Relays for Higher Switching

... the relay. A properly selected MOV suppression device will keep the relay from ever exceeding avalanche breakdown. MOV selection is very critical. The maximum standoff voltage of the stacked relay now becomes the sum of the MOV's maximum continuous voltage rating. If the MOV continuous rating is exc ...
P-Series Power Amplifiers
P-Series Power Amplifiers

Lab 2 – Stepper Motor
Lab 2 – Stepper Motor

... unregulated input voltage (such as from a battery or your AC-DC wall adapter) and output a stable, constant voltage that doesn’t depend on the load. We will use the LM317 adjustable voltage regulator, which is a chip with 3 terminals (“input”, “output”, and “adj”). See the data sheet on the course w ...
Diesel Generator Set Model DGHD 60 Hz
Diesel Generator Set Model DGHD 60 Hz

... Separately Excited Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) System - This option uses an integral PMG to supply power to the voltage regulator. A PMG system generally has better motor-starting performance, lower voltage dip upon load application, and better immunity from problems with harmonics in the main ...
The system consists roughly of three parts:
The system consists roughly of three parts:

... one for the current. Since the parameters are mutually dependent, normally only one of them is actually regulated. Hence, the potentiometers set the limit values for the voltage and current parameters. If the potentiometers’ end pins are connected to 0 V and 5 V, then their middle pins provide volta ...
Fundamentals of Power Electronics
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Microwave Sensor
Microwave Sensor

... Special attention to the interference picked up from 1001120 Hz noise is close to the Doppler frequency generated by human movement. ...
note1448_20mA Analog Input
note1448_20mA Analog Input

... The main disadvantage is the effect of the analog input impedance of 47K ohms. This resistance is not constant or precise. Therefore, this voltage may vary significantly over operating conditions and from one controller to the next. This method will provide a voltage that will vary from 0 to 9.89 V ...
AND8296/D Increasing Low Power Converter Efficiency with
AND8296/D Increasing Low Power Converter Efficiency with

7224 specification sheet
7224 specification sheet

Slide 1
Slide 1

... Neighbor ...
Precision High Side Current Sense Amplifiers
Precision High Side Current Sense Amplifiers

... With over 300 amplifiers in our portfolio, we have the tools to solve the most difficult current sense challenges. Visit our website for a comprehensive application note and circuit collection covering low side, high side, unidirectional, bidirectional, negative supply, motor and inductive loads, an ...
Synchronous Buck Converter with Programmable Output
Synchronous Buck Converter with Programmable Output

... the same output as the switching regulator. The linear regulator minimizes the supply current drawn at light loads consuming only 10µA when supporting a 100µA load. The SC190 can swap between switching regulator and linear regulator mode under control of the MODE pin (see “handover” section). In thi ...
product specificatie SMX1200LHG logo
product specificatie SMX1200LHG logo

... DC system voltage (VDC) ...
Model DFEK 60 Hz Diesel Generator Set EPA Emissions Description Features
Model DFEK 60 Hz Diesel Generator Set EPA Emissions Description Features

Diesel Generator Set Model DFED 60 Hz Description Features
Diesel Generator Set Model DFED 60 Hz Description Features

IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

Switches in Series and Parallel Circuits
Switches in Series and Parallel Circuits

phase sequence detection and controlled power supply
phase sequence detection and controlled power supply

... • We are using 20 LED’s, in which 10 LED’s are green and the rest 10 LED’s are red. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... A load is used to demonstrate the operation of the system by simulating actual loads used in a common household. The load also provides a visual reference of the power being produced. A 30 Amp AC breaker is connected between the inverter and the load to prevent any possible damage to the inverter. T ...
TOP221 - Power Integrations
TOP221 - Power Integrations

24-Channel I/O Card
24-Channel I/O Card

... Pulse Inputs (PI) are used for sensing and counting pulses from pulse-generating devices. The I/O card Pulse Inputs consist of two high-speed pulse counter inputs, each sourced from the power converter. ...
display
display

... Omitting noise tests because low noise components have been chosen. ...
SECTION-1-Chapter 4
SECTION-1-Chapter 4

... It is common practice to observe electrical quantities by means of statistics. A large time interval is divided in a finite number of small observation times and for each observation time the electrical quantities of interest are measured and recorded thus leading to probability densities for each o ...
< 1 ... 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report