Comparative Study of Soft Switching and Hard Switching For
... Out-runner motors spin slower but output more torque. They are easier to use since a gearbox is not required and run very quiet. The characteristics of out-runner motors are: ...
... Out-runner motors spin slower but output more torque. They are easier to use since a gearbox is not required and run very quiet. The characteristics of out-runner motors are: ...
LM337 - 1.5 A, Adjustable Output Negative Voltage Regulator
... The LM337 is capable of providing extremely good load regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series wi ...
... The LM337 is capable of providing extremely good load regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series wi ...
PowerMonitor 5000 - The Next Generation
... this switch is activated, all configuration and metering data is available from the monitor, but none of the configuration data that affects metering or none of the energy counters can be altered. In addition to the normal data provided by the meter, you can also access the calibration data stored i ...
... this switch is activated, all configuration and metering data is available from the monitor, but none of the configuration data that affects metering or none of the energy counters can be altered. In addition to the normal data provided by the meter, you can also access the calibration data stored i ...
ATE Quick Start Guide
... isolated from the a-c source and from any direct connection to chassis or ground. The maximum output voltage that can be supported between either output terminals and ground or chassis is 500V (d-c or peak), plus the maximum output voltage of the power supply. Either side of the output may be ground ...
... isolated from the a-c source and from any direct connection to chassis or ground. The maximum output voltage that can be supported between either output terminals and ground or chassis is 500V (d-c or peak), plus the maximum output voltage of the power supply. Either side of the output may be ground ...
ADM2209E 数据手册DataSheet 下载
... 3.3 V/5 V Standby Power Supply for Receiver R5 in Ports A and B Positive Power Supply, Nominally +12 V Positive Terminal of C1 (If C1 is polarized capacitor.) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) ...
... 3.3 V/5 V Standby Power Supply for Receiver R5 in Ports A and B Positive Power Supply, Nominally +12 V Positive Terminal of C1 (If C1 is polarized capacitor.) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) Driver Input (3.3 V/5 V TTL/CMOS Logic Levels) ...
Minimum Operating Supply Voltage of MCML Circuits
... source transistor should operate at velocity saturation region, resulting in a large minimum source voltage [7]. In this paper, we propose a low-power scheme of high-speed MCML circuits, where the PDN NMOS transistors of the MCML circuits operate at saturation region or linear region, so that the mi ...
... source transistor should operate at velocity saturation region, resulting in a large minimum source voltage [7]. In this paper, we propose a low-power scheme of high-speed MCML circuits, where the PDN NMOS transistors of the MCML circuits operate at saturation region or linear region, so that the mi ...
Auto Transformer Current Flow
... turns so that Autotransformer achieves magnetic separation like two winding transformers. ...
... turns so that Autotransformer achieves magnetic separation like two winding transformers. ...
A Modified Control Method For A Dual Unified Power Quality
... isolation between supply system and load. The series active filter regulates the incoming voltage quality. In the conventional UPQC both series active filters and shunt active filters are controlled by using non sinusoidal references. PAF usually acts as non sinusoidal current source used to reduce ...
... isolation between supply system and load. The series active filter regulates the incoming voltage quality. In the conventional UPQC both series active filters and shunt active filters are controlled by using non sinusoidal references. PAF usually acts as non sinusoidal current source used to reduce ...
et-01 timer wiring instructions
... applications. The ET-01 is designed to accept a wide range of operating voltages and trigger modes, and its output can be tailored to the application. Variable output time and a built-in piezo sounder complete the package. ...
... applications. The ET-01 is designed to accept a wide range of operating voltages and trigger modes, and its output can be tailored to the application. Variable output time and a built-in piezo sounder complete the package. ...
Triple, 35MHz, 6th Order, HDTV Video Filter Driver BL1516
... with external load directly, this serial back-termination resistor is used to match the impedance of the transmission line between BL1516 and external load to cancel the signal reflection. The BL1516 outputs can sink and source current allowing the device to be AC-coupled with external load, in AC c ...
... with external load directly, this serial back-termination resistor is used to match the impedance of the transmission line between BL1516 and external load to cancel the signal reflection. The BL1516 outputs can sink and source current allowing the device to be AC-coupled with external load, in AC c ...
Microelectromechanical Devices
... To limit switching losses it is necessary to control the device switching frequency, irrespective of the fundamental frequency of the current waveform. This can be achieved by making the parameter M constant in many segments of the fundamental frequency (see next slide for ...
... To limit switching losses it is necessary to control the device switching frequency, irrespective of the fundamental frequency of the current waveform. This can be achieved by making the parameter M constant in many segments of the fundamental frequency (see next slide for ...
Artificial Neural Network Based Duty Cycle Estimation for Maximum
... controller senses incremental variations in current and voltage array to foresee the consequence of a voltage alteration. This method involves more calculation in the controller, but changing conditions can be tracked more quickly than perturb and observe method (P&O). Similar to the P&O algorithm, ...
... controller senses incremental variations in current and voltage array to foresee the consequence of a voltage alteration. This method involves more calculation in the controller, but changing conditions can be tracked more quickly than perturb and observe method (P&O). Similar to the P&O algorithm, ...
Development of AA Size`s Micro Power Generator
... the current drawn during a key press was measured to be 1.5mA and, in standby mode, 2.4A. We have used a ~1cm3 volume micro energy transducer to successfully drive the above IR transmitter (as reported in [1]). The schematic diagram for this system is shown in Figure 5. ...
... the current drawn during a key press was measured to be 1.5mA and, in standby mode, 2.4A. We have used a ~1cm3 volume micro energy transducer to successfully drive the above IR transmitter (as reported in [1]). The schematic diagram for this system is shown in Figure 5. ...
Current-Fed Inverters Voltage
... To limit switching losses it is necessary to control the device switching frequency, irrespective of the fundamental frequency of the current waveform. This can be achieved by making the parameter M constant in many segments of the fundamental frequency (see next slide for ...
... To limit switching losses it is necessary to control the device switching frequency, irrespective of the fundamental frequency of the current waveform. This can be achieved by making the parameter M constant in many segments of the fundamental frequency (see next slide for ...
Measurement of magnetic characteristics of transformer
... Those could be the peak values of the magnetic flux, the magnetic field strength and the permeability of a core which are determined at low and also at high frequencies. For the quality control of magnetic materials completely wound cores can be used. Many measuring proceedings require sinusodial fi ...
... Those could be the peak values of the magnetic flux, the magnetic field strength and the permeability of a core which are determined at low and also at high frequencies. For the quality control of magnetic materials completely wound cores can be used. Many measuring proceedings require sinusodial fi ...
Fundamentals of On-Resistance in Load Switches
... Power dissipation also determines what On-resistance the system is allowed. Say in the first 5 V, 2 A example, the maximum allowed power dissipated needs to be limited to 100 mW. The maximum RON constrained by power dissipation and the load current can be estimated by using Equation 15: PD,MAX = ILO ...
... Power dissipation also determines what On-resistance the system is allowed. Say in the first 5 V, 2 A example, the maximum allowed power dissipated needs to be limited to 100 mW. The maximum RON constrained by power dissipation and the load current can be estimated by using Equation 15: PD,MAX = ILO ...
14 i Energy Meters (kWh Meters)
... as DC systems. The panel mounting kWh meters are accurate to class 1 to IEC1036 and AC models have a user selectable CT ratio through a rotary switch accessible from a removable cover on the meter. The meters are housed in a compact DIN96 enclosure measuring only 61mm in depth and are available comb ...
... as DC systems. The panel mounting kWh meters are accurate to class 1 to IEC1036 and AC models have a user selectable CT ratio through a rotary switch accessible from a removable cover on the meter. The meters are housed in a compact DIN96 enclosure measuring only 61mm in depth and are available comb ...
TIDA-00009 Test Results
... The output of the amplifier is routed to a pair of switches that implement the demodulation at the same frequency as the excitation current source in order to drive the control of those switches. This circuit performs a full-wave rectification of the differential amplifier output and a low-pass filt ...
... The output of the amplifier is routed to a pair of switches that implement the demodulation at the same frequency as the excitation current source in order to drive the control of those switches. This circuit performs a full-wave rectification of the differential amplifier output and a low-pass filt ...
owner`s manual
... Please note that the DC power cord should be connected before the AC power is turned on. This prevents incorrect power sequencing which can cause damage to the audio circuits. To avoid any interference with the low level audio circuitry, the power supply should be located at least 3’ (1m) from the p ...
... Please note that the DC power cord should be connected before the AC power is turned on. This prevents incorrect power sequencing which can cause damage to the audio circuits. To avoid any interference with the low level audio circuitry, the power supply should be located at least 3’ (1m) from the p ...
NTE74LS624 Integrated Circuit TTL − Voltage Controlled Oscillator
... is an improved version of the original NTE74LS324 VCO. This new device features improved voltage−to−frequency linearity, range, and compensation and has complementary Z outputs. The output frequency is established by a single external capacitor in combination with voltage− sensitive inputs used for ...
... is an improved version of the original NTE74LS324 VCO. This new device features improved voltage−to−frequency linearity, range, and compensation and has complementary Z outputs. The output frequency is established by a single external capacitor in combination with voltage− sensitive inputs used for ...
Diesel-Electric Propulsion Systems
... Frequency converters with pulse-width modulation (PWM converters) are self controlled converters designed with direct voltage intermediate circuit and consisting (in the standard solution) of diode rectifier at the mains side, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or integrated gate commutated th ...
... Frequency converters with pulse-width modulation (PWM converters) are self controlled converters designed with direct voltage intermediate circuit and consisting (in the standard solution) of diode rectifier at the mains side, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or integrated gate commutated th ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.