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Flexible AC Transmission Systems - 國立虎尾科技大學
Flexible AC Transmission Systems - 國立虎尾科技大學

... • Energy storage systems are needed when active power is involved in the power flow. • Battery, capacitor, superconducting magnet, or any other source of energy can be added in parallel through an electronic interface to replenish the converter’s dc storage. • A controller with storage is more effec ...
designing a temperature sensor
designing a temperature sensor

M81734FP - Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
M81734FP - Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

... HO is locked at “L” level as long as UV error for VCC is detected. After VCC UV reset level, the lock for HO is removed following an “L” state of the IN signal, and then HO responds to the input. (VCC>VBS) ...
HMC735LP5 / 735LP5E
HMC735LP5 / 735LP5E

... The HMC735LP5(E) is a GaAs InGaP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) MMIC VCO. The HMC735LP5(E) integrates resonators, negative resistance devices, varactor diodes and features a divide-by-4 frequency output. The VCO’s phase noise performance is excellent over temperature, shock, and process due ...
AN ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATION FOR DIGITALLY CONTROLLED PARALLEL CONNECTED DC–DC POWER CONVERTERS
AN ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATION FOR DIGITALLY CONTROLLED PARALLEL CONNECTED DC–DC POWER CONVERTERS

... Composer etc.), have provided us the window to reconsider the options of using digital controller in power electronics. One such consideration is in the control of DC–DC power converters. Literature review showed that earlier works on digitally controlled DC–DC power converter [1]–[3] were targeted ...
Comparative analysis of 36, 48, 60 pulse AC-DC
Comparative analysis of 36, 48, 60 pulse AC-DC

... power supplies etc are employed with three phase ac-dc conversion. AC-DC converters also known as rectifiers, are developed by using thyristors and diodes which provides controlled and uncontrolled dc power[5,3]. The present work analyzes the different multi-pulse AC-DC converters in solving harmoni ...
CONNECTOR AMPLIFIER FOR PROPORTIONAL VALVES (4
CONNECTOR AMPLIFIER FOR PROPORTIONAL VALVES (4

... The 4-20 mA Connector Amplifier simplifies control of proportional solenoids by supplying a current proportional to an input control (4-20 mA). It accepts power supply voltages from 9 to 32 VDC. This linear solenoid driver utilizes high frequency switching output (PWM) to provide a DC current output ...
LCT_PRO_ENG_UM.
LCT_PRO_ENG_UM.

... The power supply applied to the sensor can be selected in this amplifier. Adjust the dip switch in AUX on the amplifier panel to change the voltage applied to the sensor respectively in 2V, 5V or 10V. 1. 2V is used for the applied power supply: Use a 1/4 or 1/2 bridge type and low impedance gage (12 ...
Transmission Line (TL) Effects
Transmission Line (TL) Effects

... and how do TLs affect the system performance? A rule-of-thumb is that traces become TLs when the signals on those traces have a rise-time (Tr) less than twice the propagation delay (Tp). For example, if a delay from the source to the load is 2nS, then any of the signals with a rise-time less than 4n ...
Definitions for Electric Service
Definitions for Electric Service

... Fault Current refers to the amount of electrical current that can be supplied to customer's equipment in the event of a fault. Customer equipment must have an AIC (available interrupting current) rating able to withstand this current. ...
Calculating power factor
Calculating power factor

... Zero phase angle due to in-phase Vtotal and Itotal . The lagging IL with respect to Vtotal is corrected by a leading IC . Note that the total current (Itotal) is in phase with the applied voltage (Vtotal), indicating a phase angle of near zero. This is no coincidence. Note that the lagging current, ...
RADIATION-HARD ASICS FOR OPTICAL DATA TRANSMISSION IN THE ATLAS PIXEL DETECTOR
RADIATION-HARD ASICS FOR OPTICAL DATA TRANSMISSION IN THE ATLAS PIXEL DETECTOR

... The VDC is used to convert an LVDS input signal into a single-ended signal appropriate to drive a VCSEL in a common cathode array. The output current of the VDC is to be variable between 0 and 20 mA through an external control current, with a standing current (dim current) of ~1 mA to improve the sw ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) ISSN: www.iosrjournals.org
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) ISSN: www.iosrjournals.org

... electrical scheme of a shunt active filter for a three-phase power system with neutral wire, which is able to compensate for both current harmonics and power factor. Furthermore, it allows load balancing, eliminating the current in the neutral wire. The power stage is, basically, a voltage-source in ...
proceedings - CERN Indico
proceedings - CERN Indico

... The front of the PSMs is easily accessible to the operator and features a manual reset button, status and alarm LEDs and a series of status and alarm test points for each PSU. Figure 3 shows two PSMs lodged inside one crate. The back side of each PSM is connected to an extension board (“back board” ...
Minimization of the dc component in transformer less
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Creating High Voltage Outputs
Creating High Voltage Outputs

... For applications that require high voltage outputs, multiple converters may be used in a series output configuration to produce a single output voltage that is the sum of all of the converter out­puts in the array. The following describes two approaches to produce a high volt­age output. The first s ...
The anti-sleep driving alarm for people doing all night drives as well
The anti-sleep driving alarm for people doing all night drives as well

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Disturbance Sources

... modules are hardly affected by ripple on the supply voltage as long as the amplitude is less than 100 mV. ...
HCF4527B
HCF4527B

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7-i

... "squaring" the already small envelope input, and can be safely ignored. The theoretical analysis leads to an intuitive understanding of the nonlinear behavior, as well as a strategy for high-linearity high-efficiency RF amplifier design, as will be explained below. Since the envelope-dependent mixin ...
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.- ited States Patent [191

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KW3419541958

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Mixed Signal Devices and Sensors Generic Sensor System Block

Summary Notes for Further Electronics
Summary Notes for Further Electronics

... fins to conduct heat from the chip and they may involve dc motors with fans to convect the heat away. Semiconductor circuits, like most things only operate within a limited band of temperatures and so for the correct operation they need to be cooled they generate too much heat. Heat generation can a ...
- Treotham
- Treotham

... For positioning, there are three different variants of output signal available: Shutdown positioning (for one to three speeds), PID and ramp controlled analogue output. Depending on the variant concerned, the P40 can be supplied with either 24 VDC or 24 VAC. It can communicate with a superordinate s ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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