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How to use STP Calculator
How to use STP Calculator

... All of the calculations within STP are accurate, however, there can be a number of estimations required to approximate the unknowns in your application. In general, these estimates and results can give valuable direction during project development. Additional complications arise when relating a moto ...
Wireless Optical MIDI Data Transfer
Wireless Optical MIDI Data Transfer

... was being amplified. In addition to the high pass filter that was being used to eliminate the DC offset from the photodiode, a low pass filter was used to correct the noise on the actual signal. By implementing a low pass filter right before the correction of the signal at the input of the inverter ...
A 5mA 0.6µm CMOS Miller-Compensated LDO Regulator with
A 5mA 0.6µm CMOS Miller-Compensated LDO Regulator with

... capacitance can be increased with a significant increase in silicon real estate consumption or the resistance can be increased thereby limiting the bandwidth of the error amplifier which shall now need to operate at very low current levels to minimize the resistive drop and power dissipation in the ...
SGM9125 5-Channel, 5th Order, Standard Definition Video Filter
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... Besides AC coupling, the SGM9125 inputs also can be DC-coupled. In DC coupling application, No input coupling capacitors are needed because the amplitude of input video signal from DAC includes ground and extends up to 1.4V, then SGM9125 can be directly connected to the output of a single-supply, cu ...
AP8800 Description Pin Assignments
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... If the CTRL pin is driven by an external voltage (lower than 2.5V), the average LED current in this case is: V V ILED = CTRL × TH VREF R SET A DC signal from 0.3V to 2.5V applied to the CTRL pin will vary the LED current from 24% to 200% of nominal LED current. This gives an approximate 8:1 dimming ...
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Fast-response VHF pulsed 2 KW power amplifiers

... structed using a high-gain input amplifier driving a number of single-stage high-power output amplifiers. In contrast, the new Tomco amplifier uses a lowpower input amplifier driving multiple two-stage high-power output amplifiers. In other words, a greater proportion of the overall gain is located in th ...
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Glossary of pro audio terms

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... switches off lighting whenever ambient light level rises above a chosen level. As the daylight level reduces, SensaLUX will automatically switch lighting on at the preset level. To avoid switching on and off during short bright or cloudy periods the unit incorporates an adjustable time delay. A two ...
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... count again. If no edges are detected on the data line, the counter reaches the end-of-count (216 clock cycles) and places the device in shutdown mode. If there is an edge on the data line before the counter hits the end of count, the counter is reset and the process starts over. It may be necessary ...
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... recognize the characteristic frequency. The signal you want may be less than 10-6 of the total radiation power at your antenna, yet you get a high quality signal from the selected station. A filter freely transmits electrical signals within a certain range of frequencies called the pass band, and su ...
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Fig.1. Schematic of the circuit model designed to simulate PV system

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A Miniature Relay with 1-pole 3A/5A Switching Capability

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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