• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Drives, data-acquisition systems and control electronics all require
Drives, data-acquisition systems and control electronics all require

... there are also suitable ready-made components available. For cost reasons, if these ready-made components are suitable for use with the application , we usually recommended using them. However, sometimes an application has special requirements which an off-the-shelf power supply cannot achieve. It i ...
Jensen Twin Servo® 990 Mic Preamp
Jensen Twin Servo® 990 Mic Preamp

... 16dB. Therefore the output clips before the input saturates. Input levels of +6 dBu are beyond the capability of most preamps, but not the Twin Servo®! The VU-1 provides a 20 segment LED bargraph display and separate “peak” LED (labeled “PK” on the front panel) to indicate extremely high signal leve ...
Electronic Receiver Switch Schematic Diagram
Electronic Receiver Switch Schematic Diagram

... it is connected to a pulsed voltage. If we see something like this then we know the circuit is probably getting the signal. If you see a steady 0V or 5V then there’s a chance that this signal line is shorted out and you need to follow it around the board to find out where. You can also switch your m ...
that poses as an optimum load, al-
that poses as an optimum load, al-

Multi-agent approach to emergency control of power system
Multi-agent approach to emergency control of power system

Aalborg Universitet Applied to Parallel UPS Systems
Aalborg Universitet Applied to Parallel UPS Systems

Aalborg Universitet
Aalborg Universitet

... interface converter (e.g. an inverter in case of dc-to-ac conversion) to the power distribution system (microgrid or utility grid). The main role of this inverter is to control voltage amplitude and phase angle in order to inject the active and reactive power. In addition, compensation of power qual ...
Lecture 13
Lecture 13

GG2310881094
GG2310881094

... Recently, the utility service providers are putting function as a controlled voltage source. If we could use more and more restrictions on current total harmonic the neutral of three-phase series transformer to connect a distortion (THD) limits, drawn by nonlinear loads, to neutral wire to realize t ...
ZA013563570
ZA013563570

III. DCS Based Power Distribution System
III. DCS Based Power Distribution System

Design Review David Schlais – Robbie Wankewycz – Jamie Barber
Design Review David Schlais – Robbie Wankewycz – Jamie Barber

flexible ac transmission systems
flexible ac transmission systems

... cases, overlooked. The factory is built but the grid is often found to be weak or even insufficient. The result is unsatisfactory plant performance as well as added "pollution" to the grid that spreads and affects other industries connected to it. In such cases, FACTS can confine or neutralize elect ...
Universal Driver Module EXD-U00 for Electronic Valves EX4 thru EX8
Universal Driver Module EXD-U00 for Electronic Valves EX4 thru EX8

... 2. Install Driver Module and other external electronic devices which need to be connected to driver. 3. Set-up all wire connections as shown in wiring diagram (see Fig. 2). 4. Keep separate the wires for power supply, stepper motor of valve and signal. 5. Recommended wire cross section between 1 ...
Paul Purification
Paul Purification

vega heatsink slide dimmer
vega heatsink slide dimmer

... and then returns, lights will come back on to the same level set prior to the power interruption. The dimmer is designed to withstand voltage and current surges in accordance with ANSI/IEEE std. C62.41-1980. The dimmer is designed to include voltage compensation circuitry that adjusts the firing ang ...
MAX5051 Parallelable, Clamped Two-Switch Power-Supply Controller IC General Description
MAX5051 Parallelable, Clamped Two-Switch Power-Supply Controller IC General Description

... The MAX5051 is a clamped, two-switch power-supply controller IC. This device can be used both in forward or flyback configurations with input voltage ranges from 11V to 76V. It provides comprehensive protection mechanisms against possible faults, resulting in very high reliability power supplies. Wh ...
RHRP840, RHRP860 8A, 400V - 600V Hyperfast Diodes Features
RHRP840, RHRP860 8A, 400V - 600V Hyperfast Diodes Features

... recovery characteristics (trr < 30ns). They have half the recovery time of ultrafast diodes and are silicon nitride passivated ion-implanted epitaxial planar construction. ...
Adaptive Voltage Regulation and Equal Current Distribution of
Adaptive Voltage Regulation and Equal Current Distribution of

... maintainability and etc. In particular, in applications to higher power demands, the use of parallel DC-DC converters is able to share the same load with significant reduction of component stress and output voltage ripple. Generally speaking, the parallel-buck DC-DC converters are not identical and ...
1C.6.1—Voltage Disturbances
1C.6.1—Voltage Disturbances

... Most voltage disturbances occurring in the utility system will have little or no effect on most customer equipment. It, therefore, makes little sense to protect this equipment from these disturbances; however, some equipment is much more susceptible to electrical disturbances. If the performance of ...
Applications of DR Circuits
Applications of DR Circuits

remote control of devices using cellphones
remote control of devices using cellphones

OPTICAL LINK OF THE ATLAS PIXEL DETECTOR
OPTICAL LINK OF THE ATLAS PIXEL DETECTOR

... sending transitions corresponding to clock leading edges only. In the absence of data bits (logic level 0), the resulting signal is a 20 MHz square wave. Data bits are encoded as an extra transition at beam-crossing clock trailing edges. The amplitude of the current from the PIN diode is expected to ...
Decimator prorackG manual
Decimator prorackG manual

PR1-E SERIES 9kW, 12kW 18kW and 24kW HVAC RANGE 1
PR1-E SERIES 9kW, 12kW 18kW and 24kW HVAC RANGE 1

< 1 ... 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report