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Aalborg Universitet
Aalborg Universitet

AN-1973 Benefits and Challenges of High
AN-1973 Benefits and Challenges of High

... TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers’ products. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguar ...
Power Sources
Power Sources

Code of Conduct on Energy Efficiency of External Power Supplies
Code of Conduct on Energy Efficiency of External Power Supplies

... are contained in a separate housing from the end-use devices they are powering. This specification does not cover dc-dc power supplies, or any internal power supplies (those contained inside the product). In most cases power supplies are specified by the appliance manufacturer; production can be at ...
Experiment Title
Experiment Title

NPN Bipolar Transistor for High-Current Switching Applications
NPN Bipolar Transistor for High-Current Switching Applications

Power System Harmonics Causes and Effects of Variable Frequency
Power System Harmonics Causes and Effects of Variable Frequency

... ❏ Capacitors: can be affected by heat rise increases due to power loss and reduced life on the capacitors. If a capacitor is tuned to one of the characteristic harmonics such as the 5th or 7th, overvoltage and resonance can cause dielectric failure or rupture the capacitor. ❏ Fuses and Circuit Break ...
MCH6124 数据资料DataSheet下载
MCH6124 数据资料DataSheet下载

MODEL: M6DVS
MODEL: M6DVS

... • This equipment is suitable for use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment and in Installation Category II, with the maximum voltage of 300V. Basic insulation is maintained between signal input and output. Prior to installation, check that the insulation class of this unit satisfies the system requi ...
T6703 Data Sheet
T6703 Data Sheet

... this product, please consult the data sheet and application notes. The product shall be used only within power supply and electrical input and output limits as specified by the datasheet and application guide. Improper use of the product may result in product damage and property loss and/or personal ...
Basics of Linear Regulators ,Application Note : Power Management
Basics of Linear Regulators ,Application Note : Power Management

... more troublesome than circuitry design. The linear regulator is also free from switching noise caused by switching power supplies, and its ripple removing characteristics and low ...
AN10579 Driving LED light bars using NXP solutions
AN10579 Driving LED light bars using NXP solutions

... strings used in the Light bars. This is best done using an offline power supply. NXP's highly efficient STARplug+ range of controller ICs for low-power switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) are well-suited for this application. STARplug+ products operate directly from rectified universal mains suppli ...
24 Pin ATX Power Supply Breakout Board User Manual
24 Pin ATX Power Supply Breakout Board User Manual

... Congratulations on your purchase of the ATX Power Supply Breakout Board. The kit contains all the parts necessary to construct a fully functional ATX Power Supply Breakout Board. Each ATX Power Supply Breakout Board, used in conjunction with an ATX Power Supply, has the ability to “breakout” all the ...
English
English

... This instrument indicates the output power and enables the adaptation of the amplifier’s impedance to that of the loudspeakers as well as the adjustment of the polarization current of the power output valves ...
D_LKAT2_revA
D_LKAT2_revA

... Display and RMS conversion ...
Test Instrumentation & Automated Test Systems Power Conversion Hipot / Safety Component
Test Instrumentation & Automated Test Systems Power Conversion Hipot / Safety Component

LABORATORY VI : Flip-Flops 1 Introduction 2 Laboratory Preliminaries
LABORATORY VI : Flip-Flops 1 Introduction 2 Laboratory Preliminaries

... will not harm the output transistors of the 74LS chips (TTL logic) we will be studying. ...
Methods of accurately measuring capacitive RH sensors
Methods of accurately measuring capacitive RH sensors

... number of cycles from the oscillator and thus increased total energy. For example, an oscillator using a sensor with a C0RH of 150pF and operating between 15 and 20 KHz would require a 500mS Time-Base Gate time for adequate resolution and could easily require 1.2mJ per measurement. While it is techn ...
Dual impedance digital multimeters— What`s the point?
Dual impedance digital multimeters— What`s the point?

... today for testing industrial, electrical, and electronic systems have high impedance input circuits greater than 1 megohm. In simple terms this means that when the DMM is placed across a circuit for a measurement, it will have little impact on circuit performance. This is the desired effect for ...
Low voltage 0.5 max dual SPDT switch, single enable with break
Low voltage 0.5 max dual SPDT switch, single enable with break

... switches nS2 are ON (they are connected to common Ports Dn) when the IN input is held low and OFF (high impedance state exists between the two ports) when IN is held high. Additional key features are fast switching speed, Break Before Make Delay Time and Ultra Low Power Consumption. All inputs and o ...
LM231A/LM231/LM331A/LM331 Precision Voltage-to
LM231A/LM231/LM331A/LM331 Precision Voltage-to

AN1889
AN1889

... The need to choose a high value of the fly-back voltage is well known to power supply designers when efficiency and high duty cycle become important requirements. Threephase auxiliary power supplies, starting from a bulk voltage of 750 V, require theoretically power transistors with a block voltage ...
LTC5507 - 100kHz to 1GHz RF Power Detector.
LTC5507 - 100kHz to 1GHz RF Power Detector.

... which is referenced to VCC. C2 is the peak detector capacitor connected between PCAP and VCC. The value of C2 will affect the slew rate and bandwidth. Typically C1 can equal C2. Ceramic capacitors are recommended for C1 and C2. The values for C1 and C2 are dependent on the operating RF frequency. Th ...
2N6036
2N6036

LV8136V - ONSemi
LV8136V - ONSemi

... Caution 1) Absolute maximum ratings represent the value which cannot be exceeded for any length of time. Caution 2) Even when the device is used within the range of absolute maximum ratings, as a result of continuous usage under high temperature, high current, high voltage, or drastic temperature ch ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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