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35 W wide-range high power factor flyback converter evaluation
35 W wide-range high power factor flyback converter evaluation

... Power factor vs. VIN and load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 EVL6562A-35WFLB input current waveform @100 V-50 Hz - 35 W load . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 EVL6562A-35WFLB input current waveform @230 V-50 Hz - 35 W load . . . . . . . . ...
AND8007/D Momentary Solid State Switch for Split Phase Motors
AND8007/D Momentary Solid State Switch for Split Phase Motors

... mechanical relay. In this application, the triac furnishes on−off control and the power regulating ability of the triac is utilized. The control circuitry for this application is usually very simple, consisting of a source for the gate signal and some type of small current switch, either mechanical ...
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... discrete solutions alone even with the direct bandgaps and higher mobilities inherent to III-V material systems. Importantly, silicon photonic chips can be manufactured on at the same scale of microprocessors using existing legacy facilities. While it has been evident for some time that silicon is a ...
Using PowerPhase MOSFETs in Synchronous Buck VR Applications
Using PowerPhase MOSFETs in Synchronous Buck VR Applications

... additional small gate resistor will have little impact on switching loss of synchronous low side MOSFET, but a huge increase in di/dt shoot−through immunity (Figure 14). In multiphase controller using discrete MOSFETs, gate routing inductances, LG, and board inductances, LPCB, are unavoidable (Figur ...
Power_Networks - University of British Columbia
Power_Networks - University of British Columbia

... • The ionization characteristics of an insulating medium are determined by its intrinsic physio-chemical properties and its surrounding environmental context, that is, its specific usage for an electrical apparatus. • If the electrical field is sufficiently high the insulating medium goes through a ...
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lab sheet - Faculty of Engineering

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List of Participants

...  Supply of load which is not to be connected to secondary winding for some reason.  In star-star transformers, for allowing sufficient zero sequence current for protection; to suppress harmonic voltages, to limit unbalanced current; to limit voltage unbalance when main load asymmetrical winding is ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,

... One of the most important purposes for single-shunt three phase reconstructions is to reduce the cost. This, in turn, simplifies the sampling circuit to one shunt resistor and some other electronic components. Moreover, the single-shunt algorithm allows the use of power modules that do not provide, ...
Standard Safety High Voltage Installations On Board Ships
Standard Safety High Voltage Installations On Board Ships

... a period of time • equipment using water as part of the high voltage plant can lead to an increased risk of injury • using test instruments when taking high voltage measurements can increase the risk of injury if the protective earth conductor is not connected. This can result in the enclosure of ...
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2. digital instruments - ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

... At the start a pulse reset the counter and the F/F output to logic ‘0’. Si is closed and Sr is open. The capacitor begins to charge as soon as the integrator output exceeds zero the comparator output voltage changes state, which opens the gate so that the oscillator clock pulses are fed to the count ...
Non-Intrusive Parameter Estimation for Single-Phase Induction Motors Using Transient Data
Non-Intrusive Parameter Estimation for Single-Phase Induction Motors Using Transient Data

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... All of the parameter values used in these descriptions are typical values of the electrical characteristics, unless they are specified as minimum or maximum. With regard to current direction, “+” indicates sink current (toward the IC) and “–” indicates source current (from the IC). ...
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Sollatek aUtomatic StabiliSed protector (aSp)

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... Theory of Operation and Application Information The RF2174 is a three-stage device with 28 dB gain at full power. Therefore, the drive required to fully saturate the output is +5dBm. Based upon HBT (Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) technology, the part requires only a single positive 3V supply to ...
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Wide Input Voltage, Eco-mode™, Single

... proprietary D-CAP™ mode control combined with an adaptive on-time architecture. This combination is ideal for building modern low duty ratio, ultra-fast load step response DC-DC converters. The output voltage ranges from 0.6 V to 5.5 V. The conversion input voltage range is from 3 V up to 28V. The D ...
RF5765 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz 802.11b/g/n WiFi FRONT-END MODULE Features
RF5765 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz 802.11b/g/n WiFi FRONT-END MODULE Features

... return loss at the RX output. For best performance and trade off between critical parameters such as NF, Gain, and IP3, the total inductance including board trace should be approximately 1.2nH. The 5.6kΩ series resistor for the Bluetooth® control line helps to prevent unwanted signal from coupling t ...
Industrial / Power
Industrial / Power

AND8424 - Unidirectional versus Bidirectional Protection
AND8424 - Unidirectional versus Bidirectional Protection

NE555 SA555
NE555 SA555

Grid Management Voltage Control Distribution Grid Voltage
Grid Management Voltage Control Distribution Grid Voltage

FM Receiver For 137 - 141MHz
FM Receiver For 137 - 141MHz

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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