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Original Line Electric Actuator, Electric Thruster, Motor, and Driver Quick Start Manual
Original Line Electric Actuator, Electric Thruster, Motor, and Driver Quick Start Manual

The Digital Self-Tuning Control of Step a Down DC
The Digital Self-Tuning Control of Step a Down DC

... inverts the polarity of the voltage and can either increase or decrease the voltage magnitude. The Ćuk converter [5] contains inductors in series with the converter input and output ports. The switch network alternately connects a capacitor to the input and output inductors. The conversion ratio is ...
Evaluates:  MAX8739 MAX8739 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX8739 MAX8739 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... The MAX8739 EV kit contains a step-up switching regulator, a positive two-stage charge pump, a negative single-stage charge pump, two operational amplifiers, and a high-voltage switch matrix. The EV kit operates from a DC power supply between +1.8V and +5.5V. As configured, the step-up switching reg ...
Microcontroller-based Data Acquisition Device for
Microcontroller-based Data Acquisition Device for

... of 32.768 kHz connected to OSC1 and OSC2 pins of the MCU and filter network (parts R3, C3, C4) needed by internal phase-locked loop circuit (PLL) allowing programmable selection of output frequency. Reset (RST) and interrupt request (IRQ) pins are permanently connected through pull-up resistors R4 a ...
Free Feature Article
Free Feature Article

... most cars converted from dc generators to alternators in the late 1950s. Recently, brushless dc motors (where the commutator has been replaced with a solid state switch) have been appearing in ham radio and computer fans. The brushless dc motor is not a synchronous motor. The surprisingly accurate o ...
Transmitters and Receivers
Transmitters and Receivers

... Can be used to control, by almost any remote control in the market, an electronic board with a low-voltage input. Very compact: fits everywhere! Frequency and output can be simply programmed by the 12-24V power supply → installer using the Prog button. Antenna → Can be used to: * control an electron ...
TS30011/12/13 High Efficiency 1A/2A/3A Current-Mode
TS30011/12/13 High Efficiency 1A/2A/3A Current-Mode

... The current through the high side FET is sensed on a cycle by cycle basis and if current limit is reached, it will abbreviate the cycle. In addition, the device senses the FB pin to identify hard short conditions and will direct the VSW output to skip 4 cycles if current limit occurs when FB is low. ...
DMS-PS4-CM-C Datasheet
DMS-PS4-CM-C Datasheet

... reliefs on both input and output wiring. Install the strain reliefs within 2-3 inches (5-7.5cm) of the terminal blocks. It is recommended that all wiring be rated for 600V and 105°C operation (UL1015 type, for example). Also, wire insulation must be stripped to within ±10% of the dimensions shown in ...
switching voltage regulator and variable current limiter
switching voltage regulator and variable current limiter

... passive element, it alone may not be able to protect internal devices from over-current, as it is generally too slow in operation and the time it takes for it to blow may be enough to destroy the devices. An active current limiting circuit sets a maximum load current by using sensing resistors along ...
Electric Motor Data P/N 48560
Electric Motor Data P/N 48560

IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

notes on oscilloscopes
notes on oscilloscopes

... time the input voltage is equal to that certain voltage level, may seem to result pulses which are periodic with period T. But this is not the case. Notice that, the ‘Level’ intersects the input signal more than once in one period. Therefore, one of the intersection points is neglected in each perio ...
User Manual CFG280 11 MHz Function Generator 070-8559-03
User Manual CFG280 11 MHz Function Generator 070-8559-03

... Reference This section describes several advanced functions of the CFG280 Function Generator. The variety of swept and modulated signals available from the function generator make it especially useful for such applications as testing servo-system or amplifier response, distortion, and stability. It ...
AC induction - final notes
AC induction - final notes

... The method may increase starting torque while limiting starting current.  However, this is an inefficient method and there would be imbalance voltages and currents if the resistances in the rotor circuit are not equal. The increase in resistance does not affect the value of maximum torque but inc ...
BayTechCompanyPres_vs110403CW
BayTechCompanyPres_vs110403CW

... • The more Ethernet connections - the higher the cost. • Consider using the DS / F- Series controllers when the solution contains more than 6 RPC’s or RPS’s. • Remote locations with less then 6 strips should consider. – RPC’s with Ethernet Ports – Connecting RPC’s or RPS’s to the RES (EMW) controlle ...
Mini-project report 1 Analysis and Design of Electronic Load
Mini-project report 1 Analysis and Design of Electronic Load

... form of a rotating shaft. There are many varieties of turbine, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. However, the Pelton and crossflow turbines are the most widely used for micro-hydro power in the developing world [3], as they are reaction turbines.. Unlike impulse turbines, which are the stand ...
Universal Diversa Sensors Distributor Training
Universal Diversa Sensors Distributor Training

... • Two-Pole, Dual Technology, Low Voltage Only • Mounts to flat surfaces – walls, sloped ceilings, ceilings • Ball and socket design: – flexibility in mounting and optimizing sensor position ...
Lab 1: Common-source Amplifiers Introduction
Lab 1: Common-source Amplifiers Introduction

... 2. Design common-source amplifiers for the criteria shown in Table 1. Perform hand analysis to fill in the blanks in Table 1 using the device parameters shown in Table 2. Be careful the design procedures given above are for NMOS common-source amplifier. You may need some modifications in the equatio ...
Analysis and Design of Switched Capacitor
Analysis and Design of Switched Capacitor

... popularity in recent years [lJ, and are being applied at increasing power levels. As performance requirements increase, an understanding of the limitations of an SC converter is necessary for effective design. ...
LM193JAN Low Power Low Offset Voltage Dual
LM193JAN Low Power Low Offset Voltage Dual

... Reducing the input resistors to < 10 kΩ reduces the feedback signal levels and finally, adding even a small amount (1.0 to 10 mV) of positive feedback (hysteresis) causes such a rapid transition that oscillations due to stray feedback are not possible. Simply socketing the IC and attaching resistors ...
LT Spice – Getting Started Very Quickly First Get the Latest Software
LT Spice – Getting Started Very Quickly First Get the Latest Software

... You should see 10 sine waves as found in the following graphic.   This is because we set the  Transient simulation time to be 10 msec and the period of our sine is 1 msec.  i.e. T= 1/Freq, T=  1/1000 Hz = 1 msec.   Notice that the dc offset for the sine waves is ~ 1.65V which we created with  our re ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

Common Power System Model Minimum Data Requirements
Common Power System Model Minimum Data Requirements

... able to distinguish “split buses.” Main and transfer notations of nodes would only serve to provide operator information, not solution enhancement. If desired, this information could be added as an attribute of the Electrical Junction. Load pseudo measurement/schedule information (MW and Mvar) was i ...
IRF420-423/IRF820-823 MTP2N45/2N50 N
IRF420-423/IRF820-823 MTP2N45/2N50 N

Output Voltage Sensor based Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV
Output Voltage Sensor based Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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