Designing interface electronics for zirconium dioxide oxygen
... 650 °C and as the temperature decreases below this threshold the cell impedance increases dramatically. It is therefore important that the sensing cell is not pumped when cold. Doing so may damage the sensor as the constant current source will try and drive whatever voltage is necessary, this has be ...
... 650 °C and as the temperature decreases below this threshold the cell impedance increases dramatically. It is therefore important that the sensing cell is not pumped when cold. Doing so may damage the sensor as the constant current source will try and drive whatever voltage is necessary, this has be ...
2. measurement of the windings resistance for universal motors
... Motors that can be used with a single-phase AC source as well as a DC source of supply voltages are called universal motors. Universal motors differ in design from the induction motors. They have a series wound rotor circuitry similar to that of DC motors. The rotor of a universal series motor is ma ...
... Motors that can be used with a single-phase AC source as well as a DC source of supply voltages are called universal motors. Universal motors differ in design from the induction motors. They have a series wound rotor circuitry similar to that of DC motors. The rotor of a universal series motor is ma ...
digital number shooting game
... CD4093 (IC1) are used for producing clock pulses for random number generation. NAND gate N2, in combination with capacitor C2 and resistor R2, forms an oscillator to produce pulses. NAND gate N1 and its associated components comprising capacitor C1 and resistor R1 form another oscillator, whose freq ...
... CD4093 (IC1) are used for producing clock pulses for random number generation. NAND gate N2, in combination with capacitor C2 and resistor R2, forms an oscillator to produce pulses. NAND gate N1 and its associated components comprising capacitor C1 and resistor R1 form another oscillator, whose freq ...
Series Resonant Converter with Output Voltage Doubler
... limit the practical applications in power supply unit. In series resonant converter, the output voltage cannot be properly regulated at no-load condition. The LLC series resonant converter has been drawn attention due to its essential This project is supported by the National Science Council of Taiw ...
... limit the practical applications in power supply unit. In series resonant converter, the output voltage cannot be properly regulated at no-load condition. The LLC series resonant converter has been drawn attention due to its essential This project is supported by the National Science Council of Taiw ...
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV System Using ANFIS
... electricity from the solar array system is more expensive compared to electricity from the utility grid [3][4]. For that reason, it is necessary to study carefully the efficiency of the entire solar system to design an efficient system to cover the load demands with lower cost. There are many extern ...
... electricity from the solar array system is more expensive compared to electricity from the utility grid [3][4]. For that reason, it is necessary to study carefully the efficiency of the entire solar system to design an efficient system to cover the load demands with lower cost. There are many extern ...
QM2327232733
... in case of odd harmonics and one cycle period in case of even harmonics presence in voltages and currents. Although the computation of PDC is generally slow and updated once or twice in a cycle, being a small value compared to Plavg, it does not play a significant role in transient performance of th ...
... in case of odd harmonics and one cycle period in case of even harmonics presence in voltages and currents. Although the computation of PDC is generally slow and updated once or twice in a cycle, being a small value compared to Plavg, it does not play a significant role in transient performance of th ...
AN-376 Logic-System Design Techniques Reduce Switching
... ON Semiconductor and the ON Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other in ...
... ON Semiconductor and the ON Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other in ...
ST NE556
... No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products or services, ...
... No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products or services, ...
Prevent 24 VDC overloads from stopping production
... each load circuit would prevent the problem, but this type of breaker or fuse is likely to open on inrush surges caused by motors or capacitive loads. A breaker with the tripping curve shown in Fig. 2 would trip in as little as 20 ms with an inrush of twice normal current. What is needed is somethin ...
... each load circuit would prevent the problem, but this type of breaker or fuse is likely to open on inrush surges caused by motors or capacitive loads. A breaker with the tripping curve shown in Fig. 2 would trip in as little as 20 ms with an inrush of twice normal current. What is needed is somethin ...
Comparators
... A problem encountered with external hysteresis is that the output voltage depends on supply voltage and loading. This means the hysteresis voltage can vary from application to application; though this affects resolution, it need not be a serious problem, since the hysteresis is usually a very small ...
... A problem encountered with external hysteresis is that the output voltage depends on supply voltage and loading. This means the hysteresis voltage can vary from application to application; though this affects resolution, it need not be a serious problem, since the hysteresis is usually a very small ...
LED Driver with Integrated MOSFET General Description Features
... LED Driver with Integrated MOSFET for MR16 and Other 12V AC Input Lamps The IC has a control pin, REFI, to program the input current. The IC regulates the average voltage on FB to 200mV if REFI is left open. A control voltage on REFI can be used to control the input current. The average voltage on ...
... LED Driver with Integrated MOSFET for MR16 and Other 12V AC Input Lamps The IC has a control pin, REFI, to program the input current. The IC regulates the average voltage on FB to 200mV if REFI is left open. A control voltage on REFI can be used to control the input current. The average voltage on ...
DISCONTINUED PRODUCT - Allegro Microsystems
... cancels the mismatching of the resistor circuit by changing the direction of the current flowing through the Hall plate using CMOS switches and Hall voltage measurement taps, while maintaing the Hall-voltage signal that is induced by the external magnetic flux. The signal is then captured by a sampl ...
... cancels the mismatching of the resistor circuit by changing the direction of the current flowing through the Hall plate using CMOS switches and Hall voltage measurement taps, while maintaing the Hall-voltage signal that is induced by the external magnetic flux. The signal is then captured by a sampl ...
Complete PDF Edition (3,509 KB)
... at several thousand amperes per microsecond— into the gate circuit with unity gain. Fig. 5 contrasts the operating principles of GCT and GTO thyristors. Fig. 6 shows a 4,500V, 4,000A GCT thyristor with gate-drive circuitry. The ringshaped electrode around the device perimeter reduces the package ind ...
... at several thousand amperes per microsecond— into the gate circuit with unity gain. Fig. 5 contrasts the operating principles of GCT and GTO thyristors. Fig. 6 shows a 4,500V, 4,000A GCT thyristor with gate-drive circuitry. The ringshaped electrode around the device perimeter reduces the package ind ...
Voltage Stability Analysis of Radial Distribution Networks with
... Distribution systems are usually radial in nature for operational simplicity. The Radial Distribution Systems (RDS) are fed at only one point, which is the substation. The substation receives power from the centralized generating stations through interconnected transmission network. The end users of ...
... Distribution systems are usually radial in nature for operational simplicity. The Radial Distribution Systems (RDS) are fed at only one point, which is the substation. The substation receives power from the centralized generating stations through interconnected transmission network. The end users of ...
Low Frequency AC Transmission System
... International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) with same rated current but only one third of original rated voltage. At the receiving end, a thyristor based cycloconverter is used as an interface between the low frequency side and 60Hz or 50Hz power grid. Th ...
... International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) with same rated current but only one third of original rated voltage. At the receiving end, a thyristor based cycloconverter is used as an interface between the low frequency side and 60Hz or 50Hz power grid. Th ...
MAX17062 TFT-LCD Step-Up DC-DC Converter General Description Features
... Detailed Description The MAX17062 is a highly efficient power supply that employs a current-mode, fixed-frequency, PWM architecture for fast-transient response and low-noise operation. The device regulates the output voltage through a combination of an error amplifier, two comparators, and several s ...
... Detailed Description The MAX17062 is a highly efficient power supply that employs a current-mode, fixed-frequency, PWM architecture for fast-transient response and low-noise operation. The device regulates the output voltage through a combination of an error amplifier, two comparators, and several s ...
Aalborg Universitet Abulanwar, El-Saye Mohamed; Chen, Zhe; Iov, Florin
... voltage fluctuations. However, the proposed control strategy is superior to its counterpart in maintaining the dc link voltage within the allowed limits as seen in Figs.12.k,l. Besides, the adopted RSC fault ride-through, FRT, strategy in in both control schemes (see Figs.12.m,n) proved to regulate ...
... voltage fluctuations. However, the proposed control strategy is superior to its counterpart in maintaining the dc link voltage within the allowed limits as seen in Figs.12.k,l. Besides, the adopted RSC fault ride-through, FRT, strategy in in both control schemes (see Figs.12.m,n) proved to regulate ...
SFH 7050 - Photoplethysmography Sensor
... This application note describes the use of the SFH 7050 (see Fig. 1) as the sensor element for a photoplethysmography system. The sensor is designed for reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) as advances in signal processing and high efficient LEDs enable small and powerful reflective photoplethysmog ...
... This application note describes the use of the SFH 7050 (see Fig. 1) as the sensor element for a photoplethysmography system. The sensor is designed for reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) as advances in signal processing and high efficient LEDs enable small and powerful reflective photoplethysmog ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.