• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
2016 Top Side Controller not Functioning (120V Systems)
2016 Top Side Controller not Functioning (120V Systems)

... Dreammaker Troubleshooting Guide - RS101 System ...
Stresa, Italy, 25-27 April 2007
Stresa, Italy, 25-27 April 2007

... a switch, a free wheeling diode DFLY and an inductance LFLY. One condition to be respected is CRES >> CSTORE in order to maintain constant voltage across load. There are three drawbacks associated with this architecture. Firstly it works well only at high resonance frequencies above about 1 kHz. Sec ...
Overview of SLAC X-band program and Application to FELs
Overview of SLAC X-band program and Application to FELs

... Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) In 1993, construction began using first generation X-Band components. In 1997, demonstrated 17% ...
7 – The Power MOSFET 1
7 – The Power MOSFET 1

... The total conduction (on-state) power loss for a given MOSFET with forward current ID and onresistance RDS(on) is given by, The value of RDS(on) can be significant and it varies between tens of milliohms and a few ohms for low-voltage and high-voltage MOSFETS, respectively. The on-state resistance i ...
TS1107, TS1110 - uri=media.digikey
TS1107, TS1110 - uri=media.digikey

... the TS1107/10 CSA’s input offset voltage (VOS(max) = 150 μV), b) the TS1107/10 CSA’s gain error (GE(max) = 1%). An expression for the TS1110’s total error is given by: V OUT = VBIAS − GAIN × (1 ± GE ) × V SENSE ± (GAIN × V OS ) A large value for RSENSE permits the use of smaller load currents to be ...
PN100/PN100A/MMBT100/MMBT100A NPN General Purpose Amplifier PN100/PN100A/MMBT100/MMBT
PN100/PN100A/MMBT100/MMBT100A NPN General Purpose Amplifier PN100/PN100A/MMBT100/MMBT

... NPN General Purpose Amplifier • This device is designed for general purpose amplifier applications at collector currents to 300mA. • Sourced from process 10. ...
G203V STEPPER DRIVE
G203V STEPPER DRIVE

A Novel 20Hz Power Injection Protection Scheme for Stator Ground
A Novel 20Hz Power Injection Protection Scheme for Stator Ground

... worked as rectifier/converter. First close CB2, then close CB1 to take power from an auxiliary source, the excitation is required to provide full field at zero speed. And ac-dc-ac converter provides a variable frequency current to the motor by transformer or ac reactor. The rotating magnetic field i ...
AD7485 数据手册DataSheet下载
AD7485 数据手册DataSheet下载

... used. In this case, the second-order terms are usually distanced in frequency from the original sine waves while the third-order terms are usually at a frequency close to the input frequencies. As a result, the second- and third-order terms are specified separately. The calculation of the intermodul ...
PE83501 - Peregrine Semiconductor
PE83501 - Peregrine Semiconductor

... When handling this UltraCMOS™ device, observe the same precautions that you would use with other ESD-sensitive devices. Although this device contains circuitry to protect it from damage due to ESD, precautions should be taken to avoid exceeding the rating specified in Table 3. ...
Semester VII - Suruchi Academy
Semester VII - Suruchi Academy

... Course Objective:- To study this course the basic knowledge of controller is necessary. This course gives the knowledge of classical method of controller design as well as modern control system design. Foundation of automation is also done through this course. The syllabus is industry oriented. Modu ...
Determining Relay Coil Inductance
Determining Relay Coil Inductance

NSS40200UW6T1G
NSS40200UW6T1G

... saturation voltage (VCE(sat)) and high current gain capability. These are designed for use in low voltage, high speed switching applications where affordable efficient energy control is important. Typical applications are DC−DC converters and power management in portable and battery powered products ...
Abstract Changes with time in the partial discharge(PD)
Abstract Changes with time in the partial discharge(PD)

... oscillates about zero (similar to Figure 6). For a 100-V input pulse, the slip-ring signal results in an output at the coupler about 50% greater than for simulated PD Figure 4: Relative response at the capacitive couplers of three different generators injected at the phase end. Injecting voltage pul ...
Product Lines
Product Lines

... Note: The model number contains coded information about voltage, current and turn-on behavior. The first digits stand for the voltage in kV, the last digit before the dash indicates the turn-on behavior (0 = fixed on-time, 1 = variable on-time). The digits after the dash indicate the current in Ampe ...
Principles of Electronic Communication Systems
Principles of Electronic Communication Systems

... Voltage-controlled crystal oscillators are generally referred to as VXOs. VCOs are primarily used in FM. VCOs are also used in voltage-to-frequency conversion applications. ...
Q4807113117
Q4807113117

... A Static compensator (STATCOM) is basically one of the shunt-type FACTS controllers, and DSTATCOMs are the distribution network STATCOMs. There are some variations of the STATCOM, but their composition is basically the same. One STATCOM is composed of one inverter with energy storing capacitors on i ...
Electromagnetic Pulse Generator
Electromagnetic Pulse Generator

... significant amount of time. After I constructed the model I hoped to see that it works. Not unexpectedly, there were problems. I had trouble charging my two capacitors but figured it out quickly. Unfortunately another mishap came right after that. Shorting the radiating circuit with 1200 volts fried ...
Thesis report Final
Thesis report Final

FMS6143 Low-Cost Three-Channel 4th-Order Standard Defi nition Video Filter Driver
FMS6143 Low-Cost Three-Channel 4th-Order Standard Defi nition Video Filter Driver

... Include a metal paddle under the device on the top layer. ■ Minimize all trace lengths to reduce series inductance. ...
Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering

... value between 0 and 1. Therefore this system is able to address the values of the variables that are between completely true and completely false. These variables are called linguistic variables. Each variable is characterized by a membership function which has a specific degree of membership at a p ...
ZAPI MX manual
ZAPI MX manual

... respect to the mechanical "zero" of the knob of one handle (MI and MA indicate the point at which the speed microswitches close, 0 is the mechanical zero of the handle rotation).The first graph shows the correspondence of the motor voltage without having made the acquisition, while the second graph ...
AD8380 (REV. B) - Obsolete
AD8380 (REV. B) - Obsolete

... The AD8380 provides a fast, 10-bit latched decimating digital input that drives 6-channel high voltage drive outputs. The 10bit input word is sequentially muxed into six separate high speed, bipolar DACs. Flexible digital input formats allow several AD8380s to be used in parallel for higher resoluti ...
SSR2-2X SER Y Ü A2957 R13 A2958 R2.FH9
SSR2-2X SER Y Ü A2957 R13 A2958 R2.FH9

... and then released after the operating time, tA. The delta contacts [(2/15, 3/18) for PK21/PK15] are closed after the transition time, t0 = 50 msec (fixed at factory). The fault of the transition time is ± 5 msec. This transition time can be adjusted (to= 20-500 msec.) in PK25 / PK 28 type. ...
PDF - Elimination of Common Mode Errors in Low
PDF - Elimination of Common Mode Errors in Low

... measurement system in all cases when it is used (different supply lead resistances, different contact resistances, different types of the examined resistive load). It means that the measurement system can, under certain circumstances, provide correct results, while in other instances it provides art ...
< 1 ... 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report