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Item - Microchip
Item - Microchip

... system displayed on the LCD. These include: temperature and voltage measurements, frequency domain characteristics of a sine wave signal generated on-board from a digital potentiometer, FIR and IIR digital filter selections and DTMF tone generation using the Codec interface peripheral (external spea ...
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LT1372/LT1377 - 500kHz and 1MHz High Efficiency 1.5A Switching
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... short circuit faults, wind farms can hardly provide reactive power support in a short time and they lack transient voltage control capability. The absence of transient reactive power and voltage control ability of large-scale double-fed wind farms brings greater risks to grid operation and is unfavo ...
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... in calculating the harmonic contribution factors especially in cases where loads contain inductive elements such as motors. In [7], the total harmonic distortion (THD) is used for finding the share of harmonic distortion from utility and customer sides. The disadvantage of this method is that the THD ...
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... Abstract: Space Vector Based Pulse Density Modulated scheme for multilevel inverter is proposed in this paper. A two level and three level inverters with three different DC input voltages are used to produce 18 stepped output sinusoidal voltage. First order sigma delta modulator is used to obtain Pu ...
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... its linear range (±12 V), i.e. that the OUTPUT voltage exceeds ±10 V. All inputs and outputs are BNC connectors. The unit is equipped with a differential input stage with an AC / 0 / DC switch for each input. The input stage is followed by the offset compensation (see Figure 1). The GAIN stage allow ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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