• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Product Spec Sheet - DesignHeating.com
Product Spec Sheet - DesignHeating.com

... The tekmarNet®4 (tN4) Wiring Center 316 is designed to operate up to four zone pumps in a hydronic heating system. It provides a convenient location to wire both thermostats and zone pumps while only requiring two wires to integrate with the rest of the mechanical equipment. The 316 is optimized for ...
practical design techniques for sensor signal conditioning
practical design techniques for sensor signal conditioning

... Whatever form the conditioning takes, however, the circuitry and performance will be governed by the electrical character of the sensor and its output. Accurate characterization of the sensor in terms of parameters appropriate to the application, e.g., sensitivity, voltage and current levels, linear ...
Platform Designer User Guide
Platform Designer User Guide

... and up to sixteen fans can be controlled. The fan controller generates a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to set fan speeds. ...
User Defined Fault Protection and Detection, 0.8 pC Q , Triple SPDT ADG5243F
User Defined Fault Protection and Detection, 0.8 pC Q , Triple SPDT ADG5243F

... The ADG5243F comprises three independently selectable, singlepole/double-throw (SPDT) switches. All channels exhibit breakbefore-make switching action that prevents momentary shorting when switching channels. An EN input enables or disables the device. When disabled, all channels are switched off. E ...
Analysis and loss estimation of different multilevel DC
Analysis and loss estimation of different multilevel DC

... A multilevel DC-DC converter converts a DC source from one voltage level to another level. DC-DC converters are important in portable devices like cell phones, laptops, etc, as well as in applications such as electric vehicles, which have subcircuits operating at voltages different from the supply v ...
CY3273 - Cypress Semiconductor
CY3273 - Cypress Semiconductor

... The powerline network protocol layer and physical layer FSK modem are implemented on the CY8CPLC10 device. The power amplification and coupling circuits are built using discrete components. The CY3273 board contains the CY8CPLC10 device along with the power amplification and coupling circuit for com ...
Zener Diodes
Zener Diodes

... conduct well with low forward bias. With further increases in bias it reaches the negative resistance range where current will actually go down. This is achieved by heavily doped p and n materials that creates a very thin depletion region. ...
Design Document - Curtis Mayberry
Design Document - Curtis Mayberry

... switching a transistor and using circuit elements to store energy. Buck Converter (hardware) – A device used to step down a voltage to a particular level given an input voltage by switching a transistor and using circuit elements to store energy. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) (hardw ...
FCX495 Features Mechanical Data
FCX495 Features Mechanical Data

... Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: ...
Transfrormer_Handouts
Transfrormer_Handouts

... Windings on transformers or other electrical machines are marked to indicate terminals of like polarity. Consider the two windings shown in Fig.3.7a. Terminals 1 and 3 are identical, because currents entering these terminals produce fluxes in the same direction in the core that forms the common magn ...
Cree, CMPA2735075F 75W, 2.7-3.5GHz GaN HEMT MMIC (Cree
Cree, CMPA2735075F 75W, 2.7-3.5GHz GaN HEMT MMIC (Cree

... which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Cree. Cree makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose. “Typical” parameters are the average values expected b ...
Optimization of Photovoltaic Power Systems Modelization
Optimization of Photovoltaic Power Systems Modelization

... How the Book is Organized? The book is organized through seven chapters. The first chapter is intended as an introduction to the subject. It defines the photovoltaic process, introduces the main meteorological elements, the solar irradiance and presents an overview of PV systems (stand alone systems ...
MAX9324 One-to-Five LVPECL/LVCMOS Output Clock and Data Driver General Description
MAX9324 One-to-Five LVPECL/LVCMOS Output Clock and Data Driver General Description

... Measured between the differential outputs of the same part at the differential signal crosspoint for a same-edge transition. Measured between the differential outputs of different parts at the differential signal crosspoint under identical conditions ...
model sr830 - Stanford Research Systems
model sr830 - Stanford Research Systems

transformer: three phase
transformer: three phase

... practically reduced to zero whereas EBN and ECN will rise to nearly full primary line voltage. This difficulty of shifting (or floating) neutral can be obviated by connecting the primary neutral (shown dotted in the figure) back to the generator so that primary coil A can take its required power fro ...
TS3DV421 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TS3DV421 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The TS3DV421 is a 4-channel differential 2:1 multiplexer/demultiplexer digital video switch controlled with one select input (SEL). SEL controls the data path of the multiplexer/demultiplexer and can be connected to any GPIO in the system, using an external voltage divider system. The device provide ...
high voltage. instrument transformers.
high voltage. instrument transformers.

... intermediate capacitive shields so that the electrical field is properly distributed. CG RANGE: The active parts are located in the top section, inside a hermetically sealed metal box that acts as a low-voltage shield surrounded by SF6 gas insulation. The primary conductor can be a pass-through bar w ...
TEA1716T - NXP Semiconductors
TEA1716T - NXP Semiconductors

... The SUPIC pin is the main low-voltage supply input to the IC. All internal circuits are supplied from this pin directly or indirectly using the SUPREG pin. The high-voltage circuit, however, is not supplied from the SUPIC pin. The SUPIC pin is connected externally to a buffer capacitor CSUPIC. This ...
The Transfrormer
The Transfrormer

... Windings on transformers or other electrical machines are marked to indicate terminals of like polarity. Consider the two windings shown in Fig.3.7a. Terminals 1 and 3 are identical, because currents entering these terminals produce fluxes in the same direction in the core that forms the common magn ...
Eaton 9E
Eaton 9E

RF5616 3.0V TO 5.0V, 5GHz LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER Features
RF5616 3.0V TO 5.0V, 5GHz LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER Features

... stability. May need external circuitry to bring output voltage to desired level. RF output pin. This pin is matched to 50 internally. This pin has a DC blocking cap from the collector side of the final stage but it is an RF short at the RF OUT Pins 10 and 12 therefore an external DC blocking capaci ...
Aalborg Universitet Real Time Monitoring and Wear Out of Power Modules
Aalborg Universitet Real Time Monitoring and Wear Out of Power Modules

Design and Analysis of a Novel Multilevel Active-Clamped Power-Converter  T
Design and Analysis of a Novel Multilevel Active-Clamped Power-Converter T

Nicolas DEGRENNE Gestion de l`énergie des piles à combustible
Nicolas DEGRENNE Gestion de l`énergie des piles à combustible

... generate electrical energy. They are interesting because they accept a wide range of organic matter as a fuel. Potential applications include autonomous wastewater treatment, bio-batteries, and ambient energy scavenging. MFCs are low-voltage, low-power devices that are influenced by the rate at whic ...
Phase Distance & Power Transformers
Phase Distance & Power Transformers

... • Fault current generally contains dc offset in addition to ac power frequency component • Ratio of dc to ac component of current depends on instant in the cycle at which fault occurred • Rate of decay of dc offset depends on system X/R ...
< 1 ... 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report