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Data link - not the chiark home page
Data link - not the chiark home page

PowerLogic PM5100 Series Power and Energy Meter
PowerLogic PM5100 Series Power and Energy Meter

Advanced BiCMOS Technology ABT Logic
Advanced BiCMOS Technology ABT Logic

BLF Series - Oriental Motor
BLF Series - Oriental Motor

... The BLF series is designed and manufactured for use as an internal component of general industrial equipment. Do not use it for any other purpose. Oriental Motor will not be liable for whatever damage arises from failure to observe this warning. ...
MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High
MAX14811 Dual, Unipolar/Bipolar, High

... The MAX14811 integrated circuit generates high-voltage, high-frequency unipolar or bipolar pulses from low-voltage logic inputs. The dual pulser features independent logic inputs, independent high-voltage pulser outputs with active clamps, and independent high-voltage supply inputs. The device featu ...
guide specification
guide specification

... Allowable battery charge current may be increased beyond 20% of the battery amphour rating for those applications requiring faster recharge times. Actual available charge current will still depend on output load level and power factor. Battery charging may be disabled via external contact closure, ...
Atmel ATA6623C/ATA6625C LIN Bus Transceiver with Integrated Voltage Regulator Features DATASHEET
Atmel ATA6623C/ATA6625C LIN Bus Transceiver with Integrated Voltage Regulator Features DATASHEET

... At system power-up the device automatically switches to fail-safe mode. The voltage regulator is switched on (see Figure 6-1 on page 11). The NRES output switches to low for tres = 4ms and gives a reset to the microcontroller. LIN communication is switched off. The IC stays in this mode until EN is ...
MAX5486 Stereo Volume Control with Pushbutton Interface General Description
MAX5486 Stereo Volume Control with Pushbutton Interface General Description

... Active-Low Volume/Balance Control Input. Each high-to-low transition on MODE toggles between the volume and balance modes. MODE is pulled high internally with a resistor to VLOGIC. On power-up, the MAX5486 is in volume control mode. ...
Paralleling Of Power MOSFETs For Higher Power Output
Paralleling Of Power MOSFETs For Higher Power Output

... These loci provide a complete generalization that interrelates the MOSFET, its gate driver and the power circuit. The turn-on and turn-off switching loci and corresponding transition energies for a given circuit are easily determined through the use of a simple equation and four graphs. Unlike other ...
EPack Controller User Guide
EPack Controller User Guide

ACS1790T - Semtech
ACS1790T - Semtech

... The ACS1790T is a high-performance, low phase noise, programmable frequency synthesizer with ultra-fine dynamic output frequency control. It can be used as a companion to a compatible ToPSync™ device to generate outputs locked to an external reference source or standalone for standard frequency gene ...
Operating Instructions 221098E, V 7.5a
Operating Instructions 221098E, V 7.5a

... All rights reserved, including those of translation. No part of these operating instructions may be copied, reproduced, stored or processed in an information system, or transmitted in any other form, without prior written permission by GEORGII KOBOLD GmbH & Co. KG. These operating instructions have ...
SiloPatrol® Auxiliary Output Enclosure (AOE)
SiloPatrol® Auxiliary Output Enclosure (AOE)

... Specifications). 2) Circuit Separation - Two cable entry locations are provided to aid in maintaining separation of "hazardous live" (typically mains voltages such as 115Vac and 230Vac) and limited circuits (typically control voltages less than 30Vrms or 42.4VDC). However, since the SMU's single wir ...
republic of south africa - Department of Public Works
republic of south africa - Department of Public Works

... The system shall be capable of providing an uninterrupted supply to the load with the output characteristics as specified for a minimum period of 30 minutes during a total mains failure (i.e. normal mains and standby generator supply failure). The batteries shall be rated at an AC load power factor ...
AN84 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume IV
AN84 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume IV

... the main controller output in the LTC1436/LTC1437, and the controller 2 output (3.3V in Figure 2) in the LTC1438/ LTC1439. When out of regulation or in shutdown mode, the POR open drain output pulls low. At start-up, once the output voltage has reached 5% of its final value, an internal timer is sta ...
MAX5039, MAX5040
MAX5039, MAX5040

QUESTION BANK FOR SYB Sc. ELECTRONICS
QUESTION BANK FOR SYB Sc. ELECTRONICS

... 15. Why heat sink is necessary in case of power transistor? 16. Determine the power that 2N1707 can safely dissipate in free air when TA=500C. Given TJ=2000C and θJ-A=1000c/w. 17. Determine the power that 2N1707 can safely dissipate in free air when TA=600C. Given TJ=2100C and θJ-A=1100c/w. 18. Dete ...
50 MHz to 2200 MHz Quadrature Modulator ADL5385
50 MHz to 2200 MHz Quadrature Modulator ADL5385

... designed for use from 50 MHz to 2200 MHz. Its excellent phase accuracy and amplitude balance enable both high performance intermediate frequency (IF) and direct radio frequency (RF) modulation for communication systems. The AD5385 takes the signals from two differential baseband inputs and modulates ...
Calculating the Capacitor of the Reset Input
Calculating the Capacitor of the Reset Input

Application Note TLE8110EE
Application Note TLE8110EE

... In automotive applications, stepper motors are mostly used for low- to medium power positioning applications like HVAC flaps, head light beam leveling, idle-speed bypass or EGR valves. ...
powertronix - Tools.Store
powertronix - Tools.Store

25PTOC-3 Tractor Drive PTO Generators SAFETY FIRST
25PTOC-3 Tractor Drive PTO Generators SAFETY FIRST

S260-75-1
S260-75-1

Application guide No. 3193
Application guide No. 3193

... Today’s world is full of electronic products and electrical devices that are susceptible to damage from overvoltage surges. Surges caused by static discharge, capacitive and inductive loads or lightning can quickly destroy sophisticated electronic equipment and components used in industrial and comm ...
Chapter 1: The Op Amp
Chapter 1: The Op Amp

... loop gain, signal gain, and noise gain. They are similar in nature, interrelated, but different. We will discuss them all in detail. The open-loop gain is not a precisely controlled spec. It can, and does, have a relatively large range and will be given in the specs as a typical number rather than a ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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