• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Good Practice Guide to Phase Noise Measurement Measurement
Good Practice Guide to Phase Noise Measurement Measurement

... method of expressing the instability is likely to depend upon the intended application, as well as the performance of the signal source, and in many cases a source may be characterised in more than one way. While the measurement methods used are in principal relatively easily understood, there are a ...
Laser Driver Design in 0.18 µm CMOS Technology Michael Charles O’Farrell
Laser Driver Design in 0.18 µm CMOS Technology Michael Charles O’Farrell

ltc1326.pdf
ltc1326.pdf

SG-239 Smartuner Manual
SG-239 Smartuner Manual

... 3. Extensive tuning paths are used to test different antenna situations. The initial tuning of a new frequency (or switched antenna) may require up to two seconds. Any further tuning is accomplished in a matter of milliseconds if jumper JP3 (Tune From Memory) is in its default position. 4. Facilitie ...
model iq12-2600
model iq12-2600

... Thank you for purchasing a Vanner Power Group IQ Series Inverter or Inverter/Charger. We are confident that you will be satisfied with its performance and its many features. With proper installation and care, you can look forward to years of service from this high performance product. IQ stands for ...
9900B Specification - Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc.
9900B Specification - Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc.

... D. Normal, Emergency and Recovery Charge Parallel Operation - UPS MMS Control, incorporating UPS MMS Parallel Operation Control in each UPS Module utilizes cross current control signals between the UPS Modules to calculate and perform fast simultaneous inverter reference voltage and phase waveform c ...
SENSORLESS SERVO DRIVE UNIT FR-E700EX INSTRUCTION MANUAL (BASIC) FR-E720EX-0.1K to 3.7K
SENSORLESS SERVO DRIVE UNIT FR-E700EX INSTRUCTION MANUAL (BASIC) FR-E720EX-0.1K to 3.7K

Lecture Notes: Chapter 5 part 1
Lecture Notes: Chapter 5 part 1

Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA)
Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA)

OPERATOR’S MANUAL BOP-GL 1KW HIGH POWER BIPOLAR POWER SUPPLY MODEL
OPERATOR’S MANUAL BOP-GL 1KW HIGH POWER BIPOLAR POWER SUPPLY MODEL

Dynamic Gate
Dynamic Gate

... reduced load capacitance due to lower number of transistors per gate (Cint) so a reduced logical effort reduced load capacitance due to smaller fan-out (Cext) no Isc, so all the current provided by PDN goes into discharging CL Ignoring the influence of precharge time on the switching speed of the ga ...
FR-V200 - Suport
FR-V200 - Suport

... ADVANCED AND EVER ADVANCING ...
LTC1326/LTC1326-2.5 - Micropower
LTC1326/LTC1326-2.5 - Micropower

... input has an internal pull-up current source to VCC3. If the PBR pin is not used it can be left floating. ...
jitter intro
jitter intro

Figure 55 - We can`t sign you in
Figure 55 - We can`t sign you in

... No part of this documentation shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, translated, transcribed, or transmitted in any form or by any means manual, electric, electronic, electromechanical, chemical, optical, or otherwise without prior explicit written permission from Alpha Technologies. Thi ...
Wiring Diagrams - Brake Rectifiers and Coil Data
Wiring Diagrams - Brake Rectifiers and Coil Data

... T he control system B UR is an integrated combination, in the terminal box, of the brake rectifier B GE (for motor frame sizes 71 through 200), B G (for motor frame size 63) and the voltage relay UR . It is specially suited for two-speed or speed controlled A C squirrel-cage motors or DC motors, whi ...
Application notes
Application notes

... of the titanate material, which is approx. 2.7 Ws/Kcm3. At short switching times  less than 5 s with commonly used overcurrent protection devices  heat dissipation through the surface and lead wires is virtually negligible. Almost the entire electrical dissipation is consumed to heat up the cerami ...
Distribution Transformers
Distribution Transformers

SECTION 16410
SECTION 16410

... defective shall be replaced by the Contractor as part of this Contract, at no additional cost to HGST. Each component shall be of current manufacture from a firm regularly engaged in the production of such equipment. The bidder shall submit with his proposal, a list of three (3) installations of mot ...
Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA)
Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA)

... This is the preferred API to prepare the component for sleep. The PGA_Sleep() API saves the current component state. Then it calls the PGA_Stop() function and calls PGA_SaveConfig() to save the hardware configuration. Call the PGA_Sleep() function before calling the CyPmSleep() or the CyPmHibernate( ...
Intel(R) Xeon(TM) Processor Multi-Processor Platform
Intel(R) Xeon(TM) Processor Multi-Processor Platform

... Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined.” Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. This document con ...
UNIT 5 Ignition Systems
UNIT 5 Ignition Systems

... are directly aligned with the pole piece teeth. Position 6 is the result of pole piece reverse polarity. The transistor has turned off and the ground path for the primary ignition coil has opened. The straight vertical rise from position 6 is now displayed over to the extreme left side of the scope, ...
PRODUCT HANDBOOK
PRODUCT HANDBOOK

MAX6715–MAX6729 Dual/Triple Ultra-Low-Voltage SOT23 µP Supervisory Circuits General Description
MAX6715–MAX6729 Dual/Triple Ultra-Low-Voltage SOT23 µP Supervisory Circuits General Description

... minimum timeout period after all supplies rise above their thresholds. The integrated dual/triple supervisory circuits significantly improve system reliability and reduce size compared to separate ICs or discrete components. These devices monitor primary supply voltages (VCC1) from 1.8V to 5.0V and ...
ZLM4 OEM Technical Manual  Version 3, June 2014
ZLM4 OEM Technical Manual Version 3, June 2014

< 1 ... 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report