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Photosensors - Lighting Research Center
Photosensors - Lighting Research Center

MAX9323 One-to-Four LVCMOS-to-LVPECL Output Clock and Data Driver General Description
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... and avoiding sharp corners. Minimize the number of vias to prevent impedance discontinuities. Minimize skew by matching the electrical length of the traces. ...
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...  Devices need to have enough common mode dynamic voltage range to receive or transmit the waveforms. In this case the signals swing between -0.1 and 2.1.  The sine wave amplitude is 1 and peak to peak is 2.  Signal a and b is what would be observed with 2 oscilloscope ...
Differential Signaling
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...  Devices need to have enough common mode dynamic voltage range to receive or transmit the waveforms. In this case the signals swing between -0.1 and 2.1.  The sine wave amplitude is 1 and peak to peak is 2.  Signal a and b is what would be observed with 2 oscilloscope ...
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... Function: Press the Quick Start key to start operating the unit. Operation: (1) The display shows “SPORTSART – T650”.After two seconds, “SELECT PROGRAM OR QUICKSTART” scrolls across the display.Press the QUICK START key to start operating or press the PROGRAM key to operate an exercise program. (2) ...
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... voltage now takes on the order of tens of nanoseconds (or multiple tens or hundreds of processor cycles). In addition, on-chip voltage regulators are smaller in size than off-chip regulators. Unfortunately, these benefits are tampered by lower energyconversion efficiencies compared to off-chip regul ...
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... changed at run-time. For large values of the input clock frequency, the required divider for the correct refresh rate generation could be greater than max value of the SUBFR_DIV divider (16 bit for HS mode) and could not be correctly applied by the component customizer. The value of the input freque ...
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4g magnet power supply

... Power supplies used for energizing superconducting magnets have unique requirements placed upon them. The supplies are used to source energy to magnets which can have a wide range of inductance (mH to thousands of henries). In addition, the magnet load can range from a nearly pure resistance to a ne ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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