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- University of Bolton Institutional Repository (UBIR)
- University of Bolton Institutional Repository (UBIR)

... of requiring no power supplies. All energy into and out of the gate is through the signal lines. The power dissipation characteristics of this family of reversible logic gates and ...
Jacobs University Bremen Natural Science Laboratory Electrical Engineering Module II Spring Semester 2014
Jacobs University Bremen Natural Science Laboratory Electrical Engineering Module II Spring Semester 2014

Transients in Power Systems - Purdue e-Pubs
Transients in Power Systems - Purdue e-Pubs

... It was not until a couple of years ago that researchers such as J. T. Heydt and A. W. Galli [ 5 ] , Ribiero [6], and D. Robertson [7] introduced wavelets to power systems. One common goal for all of these researchers is to find a better tool to analyze power system transients and their effects on p ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) ISSN: 2278-1676
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) ISSN: 2278-1676

... significant energy saving device. But request high power density DC/DC converter. For a variety of application such as battery base uninterrupted power supplies to critical aerospace application.Eg.Actuators and avionics.The dual active bridge (DAB) topology for DC/DC conversion has been popular. Ov ...
phillips data sheet
phillips data sheet

Typical Power Supply Diagram
Typical Power Supply Diagram

... We have seen that the ripple content in the rectified output of half wave rectifier is 121% or that of full-wave or bridge rectifier or bridge rectifier is 48% such high percentages of ripples is not acceptable for most of the applications. Ripples can be removed by one of the following methods of f ...
ISSCC 2014 Digest of Technical Papers
ISSCC 2014 Digest of Technical Papers

... as that of the DP amplifier (Fig. 17.2.1), but sacrifice output swing. Foldedcascode amplifiers partially surmount such a limit, but at the expense of power. For LCD column drivers, current-mirror amplifiers are favored for their rail-torail output swing, and extra design flexibility via adjusting t ...
The Mosfet Transistor
The Mosfet Transistor

...  The pinched channel can be considered as a choke point. This point moves toward the source as VDS increases.  Current is due to the electrons flow in the conduction channel, due to the electric field (Drain toward Source). ...
DE23640646
DE23640646

... threshold voltage for achieving high performance and low dynamic power dissipation has largely contributed to the increase in leakage power dissipation. We have presented an efficient design methodology for reducing the leakage power in CMOS inverter circuit. Implications of technology scaling on th ...
PDF
PDF

MAX4890E/MAX4892E 1000 Base-T, ±15kV ESD Protection LAN Switches General Description Features
MAX4890E/MAX4892E 1000 Base-T, ±15kV ESD Protection LAN Switches General Description Features

... The MAX4890E/MAX4892E are high-speed analog switches targeted for 1000 Base-T applications. In a typical application, the MAX4890E/MAX4892E switch the signals from two separate interface transformers and connect the signals to a single 1000 Base-T Ethernet PHY (see the Typical Operating Circuit). Th ...
mosfet_s-f.pdf
mosfet_s-f.pdf

Performance Analysis of Voltage Scaled Low Power Clock
Performance Analysis of Voltage Scaled Low Power Clock

... The main objective of this work is to analyse and compare the power consumption in two clock networks, (a) clock signals are distributed with full scale supply voltage to load and (b) clock signals are distributed with scaled supply voltage.Fig.1 and Fig.2 are shown the setup used for clocknetworks. ...
How to use VSD in existing HVAC installations T able of contents
How to use VSD in existing HVAC installations T able of contents

Development of Modulation Strategies for NPC Inverter Addressing
Development of Modulation Strategies for NPC Inverter Addressing

... As well known the two-level topology generates CMV in the motor windings furthermore causing motor failures due to bearing currents. As there are parasitic capacitive couplings between the stator windings and the motor frame a common mode leakage current will flow, hence there will be common mode el ...
Precision in Practice
Precision in Practice

... True Ohms Ratio Two independent input channels (the front and rear input terminals) allow the multimeter to automatically measure two inputs and display the ratio of the two values. This ratio mode is available in the voltage and resistance functions, allowing the multimeter to measure an unknown re ...
HV3513651369
HV3513651369

... may only be approached asymptotically as the switching process is slowed down. In most practical cases, the energy dissipation associated with a charge transfer event is usually composed of an adiabatic component and a non-adiabatic component. Therefore, reducing all the energy loss to zero may not ...
Kelly KHB Controllers User Manual
Kelly KHB Controllers User Manual

... installation and their maintenance. Read the manual carefully and thoroughly before using the controller. If you have any questions, please contact the support center of Kelly Controls, LLC. Kelly’s programmable motor controllers provide high efficient, smooth and quiet controls for electric motorcy ...
Holding Dissapearance in RTD-based Quantizers
Holding Dissapearance in RTD-based Quantizers

... binary MOBILE. Logic operation is based on the sequential switching of the RTDs connected in series, which is produced when the bias voltage rises to an appropriate value. Logic functionality is achieved by embedding an input stage (compound-semiconductor transistors, HEMT or HBT) which modifies, ac ...
op-amp parameters
op-amp parameters

... The input offset voltage drift is a parameter related to V0S that specifies how much change occurs in the input offset voltage for each degree change in temperature. Typical values range anywhere from about 5 V per degree Celsius to about 50 V per degree Celsius. Usually, an op-amp with a higher n ...
Capacitor Aplication..
Capacitor Aplication..

... Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable camera flash unit powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery contains a ...
Testing and Demonstration Results for the
Testing and Demonstration Results for the

... SuperPower, Inc. is developing a 138kV SFCL with RUL. Although RUL is very challenging, it is desirable from the utility’s perspective since the device can recover to the low impedance state without having to be taken off-line. Since the SFCL device does not switch in and out of the circuit there wi ...
Superjunction MOSFET for charger applications
Superjunction MOSFET for charger applications

... Figure 9 indicates the efficiency performance of IPS65R1K0CE. The 15 W charger can easily meet average efficiency specs of EU CoC version 5, Tier 2 and EPS of DOE USA with >5% margins in both input voltages. The solution was able reach high efficiency by reducing the switching losses in the HV switc ...
MAX9171/MAX9172 Single/Dual LVDS Line Receivers with “In-Path” Fail-Safe General Description
MAX9171/MAX9172 Single/Dual LVDS Line Receivers with “In-Path” Fail-Safe General Description

... ground, which drives the receiver output high. If the differential input is shorted or terminated with a typical value termination resistor, the +40mV offset drives the receiver output high. If the input is terminated and floating, the receiver output is driven high by the +40mV offset, and the 2:1 ...
SKY77761-12 数据资料DataSheet下载
SKY77761-12 数据资料DataSheet下载

... death, physical or environmental damage. Skyworks customers using or selling Skyworks products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Skyworks for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. Customers are responsible for their products and applica ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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