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Universal AC Input, 5 V or 12 V Output, 20 Watt Power Supply
Universal AC Input, 5 V or 12 V Output, 20 Watt Power Supply

... limit point for the internal overcurrent protection circuit of U1 and can be adjusted for desired max output current (see NCP112x data sheet). For output voltages other than 5 volts, typical circuit changes include the transformer turns ratio for both the secondary and the primary aux winding (12V t ...
AN67 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume III
AN67 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume III

... is an application area for which the LTC1257 is appropriate. Autoranging is especially useful when using an ADC with multiplexed inputs. Without autoranging only two reference values are used: one to set the full-scale magnitude and another to set the zero scale magnitude. Since it is common to have ...
Devices Part 7
Devices Part 7

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Design of JK Flip-Flop using MODFET Technology
Design of JK Flip-Flop using MODFET Technology

... Although JK flip-flop is an improvement on the clocked SR flip-flop it still suffers from timing problems called "race" if the output Q changes state before the timing pulse of the clock input has time to go "OFF", so the timing pulse period (T) must be kept as short as possible (high frequency). Th ...
AD5300 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD5300 数据手册DataSheet 下载

Universal Voltage Monitors
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Design and Crystal Recommendations
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... Take full advantage of the capabilities of TI’s MSP430. Add a 32.768 kHz crystal to your MSP430 controller and you’ll generate an accurate reference frequency for the microcontroller’s sleep mode, as well as your other circuitry that may require a timing reference. We can help you match the right cr ...
MAX16999 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications General Description
MAX16999 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications General Description

... Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications Detailed Description The MAX16999 is a low-quiescent-current linear regulator designed for applications requiring high reliability, such as automotive applications. This device can supply loads up to 100mA and is available in factory-preset output v ...
doc 90018-031 - Metrix-Vibration Monitoring Solutions
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... machine is to the process or how expensive it is), one on each end of the motor and one on each end of the compressor, fan, pump or whatever is being driven. If there is a gear box in between, one may be used here also. It is quite common to use only one switch. In this case, it is best to mount on ...
Catalogue PDF (3.4 MB)
Catalogue PDF (3.4 MB)

... *1: Can also be used for capacitor switching (AC6b). *2: The maximum total capacity of the VMC and load to which the series reactor (6%-13%) is connected. The figures are for when no parallel capacitor is connected. *3: Includes the mass of the maximum-rating power fuse. The mass of one VT is 10kg. ...
What Do All Those Things on an AC Motor Nameplate Mean?
What Do All Those Things on an AC Motor Nameplate Mean?

... V. The voltage rating assumes that there is voltage drop from the network to the motor terminals. Thus, the 460-V motor is appropriate on a 480-V network. Frequency Input frequency is usually 50 or 60 Hz. When more than one frequency is nameplated, other parameters that will differ at different inpu ...
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IntelliMotor ITM-23Q Hardware Manual ®

EUP8054/8054X Standalone Linear Li-Ion Battery Charger With Thermal Regulation in ThinSOT
EUP8054/8054X Standalone Linear Li-Ion Battery Charger With Thermal Regulation in ThinSOT

... be of interest to the user. For example, if a switching power supply operating in low current mode is connected in parallel with the battery, the average current being pulled out of the BAT pin is typically of more interest than the instantaneous current pulses. In such a case, a simple RC filter ca ...


... stages are Class A and all amps with fixed output stages are Class AB1. Either type of bias circuit does not in fact automatically mean that the amp in question has either Class A or Class AB1 operation. The definition of Class A operation is that the output tube conducts signal for 360 degrees (or ...
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An Extended Doherty Amplifier With High Efficiency , Student Member, IEEE
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... OWER control of RF transmitters is a key requirement in modern digital telephony. For example, in the case of CDMA, power control is implemented in both the base station and handset transmitters [1]. Power control in the base-station transmitter mitigates the “corner” problem in which mobile units n ...
Comparison between NERC VAR-001-1a and Alberta VAR-001-AB-1a Voltage and Reactive Control
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... switching-frequency, active-clamped, synchronous-rectified forward DC-DC converter using the IC. The device circuit achieves high efficiency up to 93.5% using a forward DC-DC converter topology. The surface-mount transformer provides up to +1500V galvanic isolation for the output. The EV kit output ...
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... Note 1: Reduced digital code range (code 00 hex to code F0 hex) due to swing limitations when the output amplifier is loaded. Note 2: Gain error is: [100 (VF0,meas - ZCE - VF0,ideal) / VDD]. Where VF0,meas is the DAC output voltage with input code F0 hex, and VF0,ideal is the ideal DAC output voltag ...
APPLIED ELECTRONICS Outcome 2
APPLIED ELECTRONICS Outcome 2

... This results in smoother control, for example, in an electrical heater where the output power of the heater can be varied according to the difference between the preset temperature and the actual temperature. If the temperature difference is large, the heater might be working at full power, as the t ...
unit2
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... • An Or-And-Invert (OAI) CMOS gate is similar to the AOI gate except that it is an implementation of product-of-sums realization of a function • The N-tree is implemented as follows: – Each product term is a set of parallel transistors for each input in the term – All product terms (parallel groups) ...
4 Electrical Ratings and Characteristics of Power Semiconductor
4 Electrical Ratings and Characteristics of Power Semiconductor

... The forward diF/dt causes a voltage drop across the internal device inductance. This inductance comprises both the diode wafer inductance and the bonding and connection inductance. In bipolar power devices, the inductance of the wafer predominates. Any inductance contribution to the forward transien ...
74ABT244 - Nexperia
74ABT244 - Nexperia

... 1. Stresses beyond those listed may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated condition ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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