diagnostic repair manual
... The utility power supply lines, the standby (generator) supply lines, and electrical load lines must all be connected to the proper terminal lugs in the transfer switch. The following rules apply:In 1-phase systems with a 2-pole transfer switch, connect the two utility source hot lines to Transfer S ...
... The utility power supply lines, the standby (generator) supply lines, and electrical load lines must all be connected to the proper terminal lugs in the transfer switch. The following rules apply:In 1-phase systems with a 2-pole transfer switch, connect the two utility source hot lines to Transfer S ...
MAX9322 LVECL/LVPECL 1:15 Differential Divide-by-1/Divide-by-2 Clock Driver General Description
... reproduces or divides one of two differential input clocks at 15 differential outputs. An input multiplexer selects from one of two input clocks with input switching frequency in excess of 1.0GHz. The 15 outputs are arranged in four banks with 2, 3, 4, and 6 outputs, respectively. Each output bank i ...
... reproduces or divides one of two differential input clocks at 15 differential outputs. An input multiplexer selects from one of two input clocks with input switching frequency in excess of 1.0GHz. The 15 outputs are arranged in four banks with 2, 3, 4, and 6 outputs, respectively. Each output bank i ...
Reconfigurable CMOS Mixers for Radio-Frequency Applications Min Wang
... cost of CMOS transceivers is heavily weighted by the silicon area and packaging, extensive effort has been taken to reduce the chip size and improve the integration level. On one hand, CMOS continues to scale down from one generation to the next to put more transistors and functions on a certain are ...
... cost of CMOS transceivers is heavily weighted by the silicon area and packaging, extensive effort has been taken to reduce the chip size and improve the integration level. On one hand, CMOS continues to scale down from one generation to the next to put more transistors and functions on a certain are ...
LabVIEW Measurements Manual
... © Copyright 1992, 2000 National Instruments Corporation. All rights reserved. ...
... © Copyright 1992, 2000 National Instruments Corporation. All rights reserved. ...
Protection against lightning effects
... Protection must be provided against these indirect effects in electrical installations which, besides their sensitive, not to say strategic, role have also become more fragile due to their increasing numbers, size and the corollary use of electronics. The main function of voltage surge protectors is ...
... Protection must be provided against these indirect effects in electrical installations which, besides their sensitive, not to say strategic, role have also become more fragile due to their increasing numbers, size and the corollary use of electronics. The main function of voltage surge protectors is ...
Partial Discharge Theory and Applications to Electrical
... equipment for peak performance have been recommended and implemented at various plants [1]. Detailed motor failure analysis has been completed; resulting in the identification of approximately 30% of failure causes being related to electrical failures [2]. A summary of the IEEE transaction entitled: ...
... equipment for peak performance have been recommended and implemented at various plants [1]. Detailed motor failure analysis has been completed; resulting in the identification of approximately 30% of failure causes being related to electrical failures [2]. A summary of the IEEE transaction entitled: ...
100% stator ground fault protection
... 3.5.4.2 Filtering in Simulation 2............................................................................. 44 3.5.5 Results of the simulation 2 ............................................................................ 45 3.5.5.1 Example R=1000 Ω and α=1........................................ ...
... 3.5.4.2 Filtering in Simulation 2............................................................................. 44 3.5.5 Results of the simulation 2 ............................................................................ 45 3.5.5.1 Example R=1000 Ω and α=1........................................ ...
chapter 5 – cmos amplifiers
... The types of amplifiers are based on the various configurations of the actual transistors. If we assume that one terminal of the transistor is grounded, then three possibilities result: VDD Load ...
... The types of amplifiers are based on the various configurations of the actual transistors. If we assume that one terminal of the transistor is grounded, then three possibilities result: VDD Load ...
Electric Power Transfer Capability
... 4. The transfer margin is the difference between the transfer at the base case and the limiting case. One way to compute transfer capability with a software model is called continuation. First, the base case is solved. The amount of the transfer is a scalar parameter which can be varied in the model ...
... 4. The transfer margin is the difference between the transfer at the base case and the limiting case. One way to compute transfer capability with a software model is called continuation. First, the base case is solved. The amount of the transfer is a scalar parameter which can be varied in the model ...
A Low-Cost Universal Integrated Interface for Capacitive Sensors
... Capacitive sensor elements can be applied in many applications to measure many different types of signals such as displacement, proximity, humidity, acceleration, liquid level, gas concentration, etc., [1], [2]. They can be implemented on printed-circuit boards [3], glass substrates, silicon chips, ...
... Capacitive sensor elements can be applied in many applications to measure many different types of signals such as displacement, proximity, humidity, acceleration, liquid level, gas concentration, etc., [1], [2]. They can be implemented on printed-circuit boards [3], glass substrates, silicon chips, ...
electrical theory/technology plc concepts basic electronics
... All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or distributed in an form or by any means, or stored in any data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission from: CenTec, Inc. P.O. Box 5127, Greenville, S.C, 29606 ...
... All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or distributed in an form or by any means, or stored in any data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission from: CenTec, Inc. P.O. Box 5127, Greenville, S.C, 29606 ...
BDTIC
... fatal hardware errors, or soft errors. Soft errors are caused by fast ESD transients which are not damaging the hardware, but trigger the interface and corrupt the data integrity. The result can be a software system crash, with time consuming reboot, or a malfunction of the device only. In most time ...
... fatal hardware errors, or soft errors. Soft errors are caused by fast ESD transients which are not damaging the hardware, but trigger the interface and corrupt the data integrity. The result can be a software system crash, with time consuming reboot, or a malfunction of the device only. In most time ...
MAX3397E Dual Bidirectional Low-Level Translator in µDFN General Description
... The MAX3397E ±15kV ESD-protected bidirectional level translator provides level shifting for data transfer in a multivoltage system. Externally applied voltages, VCC and VL, set the logic levels on either side of the device. A logic-low signal present on the VL side of the device appears as a logic-l ...
... The MAX3397E ±15kV ESD-protected bidirectional level translator provides level shifting for data transfer in a multivoltage system. Externally applied voltages, VCC and VL, set the logic levels on either side of the device. A logic-low signal present on the VL side of the device appears as a logic-l ...
Ultra-Low Noise and Highly Linear Two-Stage Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)
... decreasing most of the incoming noise and amplifying a desired signal within a certain frequency range to increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the communication system and improve the quality of received signal as well. Additionally, since the stage before the LNA is an antenna or a filter, a ...
... decreasing most of the incoming noise and amplifying a desired signal within a certain frequency range to increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the communication system and improve the quality of received signal as well. Additionally, since the stage before the LNA is an antenna or a filter, a ...
“Remedial Action Scheme” Definition Development
... c. Out‐of‐step tripping and power swing blocking The existing Glossary of Terms Used in NERC Reliability Standards definition of SPS/RAS excludes out‐of‐ step relaying because it is a protective function. The SDT maintained the exclusion but changed the wording from “out‐of‐step rel ...
... c. Out‐of‐step tripping and power swing blocking The existing Glossary of Terms Used in NERC Reliability Standards definition of SPS/RAS excludes out‐of‐ step relaying because it is a protective function. The SDT maintained the exclusion but changed the wording from “out‐of‐step rel ...
BCI 3301 Pulse Oximeter Hand
... NOTE! Any condition that restricts blood flow, such as use of a blood pressure cuff or extremes in systemic vascular resistance, may cause an inability to determine accurate pulse rate and SpO2 readings. NOTE! Remove fingernail polish or false fingernails before applying SpO2 sensors. Fingernail pol ...
... NOTE! Any condition that restricts blood flow, such as use of a blood pressure cuff or extremes in systemic vascular resistance, may cause an inability to determine accurate pulse rate and SpO2 readings. NOTE! Remove fingernail polish or false fingernails before applying SpO2 sensors. Fingernail pol ...
On-chip phase noise measurement, design study in 65 nm CMOS technology
... Jitter is generally defined as a time deviation of the clock waveform from its desired position. The deviation which occurs can be on the leading or lagging side and it can be bounded (deterministic) or unbounded (random). Jitter is a critical specification in the digital system design. There are va ...
... Jitter is generally defined as a time deviation of the clock waveform from its desired position. The deviation which occurs can be on the leading or lagging side and it can be bounded (deterministic) or unbounded (random). Jitter is a critical specification in the digital system design. There are va ...
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... The second ADC has a similar topology as the reference ADC, but its thermometer-to-binary decoder is based on 2-to-1 multiplexers buffered with inverters. This gives a compact decoder with a regular structure and a short critical path. The measurements show that it is more efficient in terms of powe ...
... The second ADC has a similar topology as the reference ADC, but its thermometer-to-binary decoder is based on 2-to-1 multiplexers buffered with inverters. This gives a compact decoder with a regular structure and a short critical path. The measurements show that it is more efficient in terms of powe ...
Module types
... *Changes and errors excepted. This document does not claim to be exhaustive. The terms and conditions apply to evon GmbH. For more Details please visit our website www.evon-home.com ...
... *Changes and errors excepted. This document does not claim to be exhaustive. The terms and conditions apply to evon GmbH. For more Details please visit our website www.evon-home.com ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.