Coordinated Facility Protection - West Australian Power Protection
... faults on transmission lines. It is important to note that lightning does not need to directly strike a power line for such damage to occur; a strike several hundred meters away can induce large damaging transients, even to underground cables. It is estimated that 70 to 85% of all transients are gen ...
... faults on transmission lines. It is important to note that lightning does not need to directly strike a power line for such damage to occur; a strike several hundred meters away can induce large damaging transients, even to underground cables. It is estimated that 70 to 85% of all transients are gen ...
MAX9321/MAX9321A Differential LVPECL/LVECL/HSTL Receiver/Drivers General Description
... When using the VBB reference output, bypass it with a 0.01µF ceramic capacitor to VCC. If the VBB reference is not used, it can be left open. The VBB reference can source or sink 0.5mA. Use VBB only for an input on the same device as the VBB reference. The maximum magnitude of the differential input ...
... When using the VBB reference output, bypass it with a 0.01µF ceramic capacitor to VCC. If the VBB reference is not used, it can be left open. The VBB reference can source or sink 0.5mA. Use VBB only for an input on the same device as the VBB reference. The maximum magnitude of the differential input ...
4 Transformers
... near the base (where moisture and dirt and other debris may collect). Submersible units, being highly susceptible to corrosion, are often stainless steel. Distribution transformers are “self cooled”; they do not have extra cooling capability like power transformers. They only have one kVA rating. Be ...
... near the base (where moisture and dirt and other debris may collect). Submersible units, being highly susceptible to corrosion, are often stainless steel. Distribution transformers are “self cooled”; they do not have extra cooling capability like power transformers. They only have one kVA rating. Be ...
690+ Series AC Drive
... The drive motor must be connected to an appropriate safety earth. The equipment contains high value capacitors which take time to discharge after removal of the mains supply. • Before working on the equipment, ensure isolation of the mains supply from terminals L1, L2 and L3. Wait for at least 3 min ...
... The drive motor must be connected to an appropriate safety earth. The equipment contains high value capacitors which take time to discharge after removal of the mains supply. • Before working on the equipment, ensure isolation of the mains supply from terminals L1, L2 and L3. Wait for at least 3 min ...
synchronisation of two camcorders with pi controller – 3d lanc master
... Figure 3. There are 16 pages (0-F) and each contains 256 addresses (00-FF) where 8-bit data is stored. For example, modifying data on Page F and Address 1C in camcorder Sony TRV900E will change main oscillator’s frequency and therefore camcorder’s frame rate. Particular pages and addresses which aff ...
... Figure 3. There are 16 pages (0-F) and each contains 256 addresses (00-FF) where 8-bit data is stored. For example, modifying data on Page F and Address 1C in camcorder Sony TRV900E will change main oscillator’s frequency and therefore camcorder’s frame rate. Particular pages and addresses which aff ...
SIMODRIVE 611 Drive Converter
... The following limitations must be observed when the system is subject to a high voltage test: 1. Power down the equipment so that it is in a no–voltage condition. 2. Withdraw the overvoltage module to prevent the voltage limiting responding. 3. Disconnect the line filter to prevent dips in the test ...
... The following limitations must be observed when the system is subject to a high voltage test: 1. Power down the equipment so that it is in a no–voltage condition. 2. Withdraw the overvoltage module to prevent the voltage limiting responding. 3. Disconnect the line filter to prevent dips in the test ...
CSE 241A / ECE 260B, Winter 2003 UCSD
... Locality problem is hard: magnetic field lines are not local; current returns can be complex Local calculation is easy: no strong geometry dependence; analytic formulae work very well ...
... Locality problem is hard: magnetic field lines are not local; current returns can be complex Local calculation is easy: no strong geometry dependence; analytic formulae work very well ...
Practical Aspects of Rogowski Coil Applications to Relaying
... (CTs). The main difference between Rogowski Coils and CTs is that Rogowski Coil windings are wound over an (non-magnetic) air core, instead of over an iron core. As a result, Rogowski Coils are linear since the air core cannot saturate. However, the mutual coupling between the primary conductor and ...
... (CTs). The main difference between Rogowski Coils and CTs is that Rogowski Coil windings are wound over an (non-magnetic) air core, instead of over an iron core. As a result, Rogowski Coils are linear since the air core cannot saturate. However, the mutual coupling between the primary conductor and ...
document
... imaging microscopy (FLIM), and so on. For these applications, numerous TDCs are often required to increase the frame rate and to acquire time information from as many detectors as possible [1]–[5]. Especially for PET application, it is known that multiple time information can help improve the arriva ...
... imaging microscopy (FLIM), and so on. For these applications, numerous TDCs are often required to increase the frame rate and to acquire time information from as many detectors as possible [1]–[5]. Especially for PET application, it is known that multiple time information can help improve the arriva ...
VLT HVAC Drive Variable Frequency Drive Guide Specification
... E. The VFD shall provide full motor torque at any selected frequency from 20 Hz to base speed while providing a variable torque V/Hz output at reduced speed. This is to allow driving direct drive fans without high speed derating or low speed excessive magnetization, as would occur if a constant torq ...
... E. The VFD shall provide full motor torque at any selected frequency from 20 Hz to base speed while providing a variable torque V/Hz output at reduced speed. This is to allow driving direct drive fans without high speed derating or low speed excessive magnetization, as would occur if a constant torq ...
PL 3120®/PL 3150®/PL 3170
... health or safety or a risk of property damage and Echelon assumes no responsibility or liability for use of the Smart Transceivers or Neuron Chips in such applications. Echelon Corporation has developed and patented certain methods of implementing circuitry external to the PL 3120®, PL 3150®, and PL ...
... health or safety or a risk of property damage and Echelon assumes no responsibility or liability for use of the Smart Transceivers or Neuron Chips in such applications. Echelon Corporation has developed and patented certain methods of implementing circuitry external to the PL 3120®, PL 3150®, and PL ...
MAX706P/R/S/T +3V Voltage Monitoring, Low-Cost µP Supervisory Circuits General Description
... RESET and RESET Outputs A microprocessor’s (µP’s) reset input starts in a known state. When the µP is in an unknown state, it should be held in reset. The MAX706P/R/S/T and the MAX706AP/ AR/AS/AT assert reset when VCC is low, preventing code execution errors during power-up, power-down, or brownout ...
... RESET and RESET Outputs A microprocessor’s (µP’s) reset input starts in a known state. When the µP is in an unknown state, it should be held in reset. The MAX706P/R/S/T and the MAX706AP/ AR/AS/AT assert reset when VCC is low, preventing code execution errors during power-up, power-down, or brownout ...
Planning of Electric Power Distribution
... As a rule, greater efficiency provides the investor with benefits – arising from approval and financing simplifications – in assessing the building project. This also enables investors and operators to provide a more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly energy supply system for which potentia ...
... As a rule, greater efficiency provides the investor with benefits – arising from approval and financing simplifications – in assessing the building project. This also enables investors and operators to provide a more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly energy supply system for which potentia ...
88AP510 Hardware Specifications
... • Revised the strapping guidelines for the Audio 0, 1, and SSP units. If these interfaces are unused, it is only required to connect VDDO_AUD to 3.3V. • Added strapping information for VDDO_SDIO1. If this interface is unused, connect to 3.3V. • Added strapping information for the VGA_EXT_CLK. It mus ...
... • Revised the strapping guidelines for the Audio 0, 1, and SSP units. If these interfaces are unused, it is only required to connect VDDO_AUD to 3.3V. • Added strapping information for VDDO_SDIO1. If this interface is unused, connect to 3.3V. • Added strapping information for the VGA_EXT_CLK. It mus ...
WELDING MACHINES Brandon
... torch).Also known as a CO2 welder. A constant voltage, direct current power source is most commonly used with GMAW, but constant current systems, as well as alternating current, can be used. The most common gases used are carbon dioxide for general purpose welding. It is the cheapest of the welding ...
... torch).Also known as a CO2 welder. A constant voltage, direct current power source is most commonly used with GMAW, but constant current systems, as well as alternating current, can be used. The most common gases used are carbon dioxide for general purpose welding. It is the cheapest of the welding ...
A Multi-Mode Charging Circuit for Rechargeable Batteries
... four fundamental charging functions, such as constant-voltage, constant-current, pulse current and reflex charging; but also the multi-stage charging with hybrid charging modes. The desired charging profile can easily be accomplished by selection of the software control programs. A digital signal pr ...
... four fundamental charging functions, such as constant-voltage, constant-current, pulse current and reflex charging; but also the multi-stage charging with hybrid charging modes. The desired charging profile can easily be accomplished by selection of the software control programs. A digital signal pr ...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS UNDER FERRORESONANCE PHENOMENON.
... WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (R ...
... WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (R ...
NAVEDTRA 14120 Interior Communications
... incorporate them into your training program. Other sources of safety information that you will be dealing with on a day-to-day basis in your work as an IC Electrician are manufacturers’ technical manuals and PMS maintenance requirement cards (MRCs). These are not all of the safety resources that are ...
... incorporate them into your training program. Other sources of safety information that you will be dealing with on a day-to-day basis in your work as an IC Electrician are manufacturers’ technical manuals and PMS maintenance requirement cards (MRCs). These are not all of the safety resources that are ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.