An Analytical Approach to Solving Motor
... Since only a small displacement such as .011 to .057 mils as mentioned above could be seen, this vibration will not have an adverse affect on bearing performance. The rotor slot and side band frequencies are in the frequency range normally related to noise rather than vibration performance, and are ...
... Since only a small displacement such as .011 to .057 mils as mentioned above could be seen, this vibration will not have an adverse affect on bearing performance. The rotor slot and side band frequencies are in the frequency range normally related to noise rather than vibration performance, and are ...
MAX6342–MAX6345 6-Pin µP Reset Circuit with Power-Fail Comparator General Description
... 0.5V above the actual reset threshold and ending below it by the magnitude indicated (reset comparator overdrive). The graph indicates the maximum pulse width a negative-going VCC transient can have without causing a reset pulse. As the magnitude of the transient increases (goes further below the re ...
... 0.5V above the actual reset threshold and ending below it by the magnitude indicated (reset comparator overdrive). The graph indicates the maximum pulse width a negative-going VCC transient can have without causing a reset pulse. As the magnitude of the transient increases (goes further below the re ...
MAX9384 ECL/PECL Dual Differential 2:1 Multiplexer General Description Features
... A single-ended input can be driven to VCC and VEE or by a single-ended LVPECL/LVECL signal. D_, D_ are differential inputs but can be configured to accept single-ended inputs. This is accomplished by connecting the on-chip reference voltage, VBB_, to an unused complementary input as a reference. For ...
... A single-ended input can be driven to VCC and VEE or by a single-ended LVPECL/LVECL signal. D_, D_ are differential inputs but can be configured to accept single-ended inputs. This is accomplished by connecting the on-chip reference voltage, VBB_, to an unused complementary input as a reference. For ...
chapter 06 Mixers
... half, i.e, R1 and R2 can be omitted because the outputs do not “float.” We observe that Vout1 Vout2 can be decomposed into two return-to-zero waveforms, each having a peak amplitude of 2V0. Since each of these waveforms generates an IF amplitude of (1/π)2V0 and since the outputs are 180 ° out of pha ...
... half, i.e, R1 and R2 can be omitted because the outputs do not “float.” We observe that Vout1 Vout2 can be decomposed into two return-to-zero waveforms, each having a peak amplitude of 2V0. Since each of these waveforms generates an IF amplitude of (1/π)2V0 and since the outputs are 180 ° out of pha ...
Resonant Behaviour of Pulse Generators for the Efficient Drive of
... Novel and state-of-the-art power electronic pulse inverter topologies are investigated, experimentally validated and classified in terms of their main properties. The novel topologies introduced are based on pure resonant operation or a combination of resonant operation and inductor pre-charge which ...
... Novel and state-of-the-art power electronic pulse inverter topologies are investigated, experimentally validated and classified in terms of their main properties. The novel topologies introduced are based on pure resonant operation or a combination of resonant operation and inductor pre-charge which ...
Optical modulators with 2D layered materials
... wireless (Li-Fi) communications. For some applications, such as data centres and high-performance computing, energy efficiency is now a critical requirement. The targeted energy consumption for future energy-efficient optical modulators is estimated to be around a few fJ bit−1 for on-chip connection ...
... wireless (Li-Fi) communications. For some applications, such as data centres and high-performance computing, energy efficiency is now a critical requirement. The targeted energy consumption for future energy-efficient optical modulators is estimated to be around a few fJ bit−1 for on-chip connection ...
PXI Product Guide
... performance PXI chassis ranging from 8 to 19 3U slots. Selected chassis are available with optional low acoustic operation, suitable for office, laboratory or other environments where low audible noise is essential. The chassis can be optimized for BRIC integrated matrix modules which utilize unused ...
... performance PXI chassis ranging from 8 to 19 3U slots. Selected chassis are available with optional low acoustic operation, suitable for office, laboratory or other environments where low audible noise is essential. The chassis can be optimized for BRIC integrated matrix modules which utilize unused ...
2. First-Order Filters
... while tied to V2 . For example, if V1 V2 , C2 absorbs charge from V1 and delivers it to V2 , thus approximating a resistor. We also observe that the equivalent value of this resistor decreases as the switching is performed at a higher rate because the amount of charge delivered from V1 to V2 per u ...
... while tied to V2 . For example, if V1 V2 , C2 absorbs charge from V1 and delivers it to V2 , thus approximating a resistor. We also observe that the equivalent value of this resistor decreases as the switching is performed at a higher rate because the amount of charge delivered from V1 to V2 per u ...
M-3410A-INSTRUCTION BOOK - Chipkin Automation Systems
... contacts and output contacts, storing up to 120 cycles of data. The total record length is configured for one or two partitions. A programmable post trigger delay (5 to 95%) is incorporated to capture breaker operation. The oscillograph is triggered either remotely using the serial interface, or des ...
... contacts and output contacts, storing up to 120 cycles of data. The total record length is configured for one or two partitions. A programmable post trigger delay (5 to 95%) is incorporated to capture breaker operation. The oscillograph is triggered either remotely using the serial interface, or des ...
Chaper 5 - cs.csubak.edu
... As RC goes to infinity, the voltage gain reaches the product of gm and rO, which represents the maximum voltage gain the amplifier can have. The intrinsic gain is independent of the bias current. CH5 Bipolar Amplifiers ...
... As RC goes to infinity, the voltage gain reaches the product of gm and rO, which represents the maximum voltage gain the amplifier can have. The intrinsic gain is independent of the bias current. CH5 Bipolar Amplifiers ...
SONAR Technology for Fish Finders
... Sound waves are useful for remote sensing in a water environment because some of them can travel for hundreds of kilometers without significant attenuation. Light and radio waves (which are used in radar), on the other hand, penetrate only a few meters into water before they lose virtually all of th ...
... Sound waves are useful for remote sensing in a water environment because some of them can travel for hundreds of kilometers without significant attenuation. Light and radio waves (which are used in radar), on the other hand, penetrate only a few meters into water before they lose virtually all of th ...
01044
... have time-current characteristics that coordinate easily with other upstream and downstream protective devices. ...
... have time-current characteristics that coordinate easily with other upstream and downstream protective devices. ...
Switch Mode Power Supply (15/25/35/50/75/100/150/200/350
... • Global Standards: Conforms to CE (all models), Approved for UL (all models) and CCC (15 to 150-W models). • Easy mounting to DIN Rails with Mounting Brackets. * Refer to Period and Terms of Warranty on page 39. Refer to Safety Precautions for All Power Supplies and Safety Precautions on page 36. ...
... • Global Standards: Conforms to CE (all models), Approved for UL (all models) and CCC (15 to 150-W models). • Easy mounting to DIN Rails with Mounting Brackets. * Refer to Period and Terms of Warranty on page 39. Refer to Safety Precautions for All Power Supplies and Safety Precautions on page 36. ...
Troubleshooting a Non-operating APS Micro-inverter
... The APS Micro-inverter system is more reliable than centralized or string inverters. The distributed Micro-inverter system ensures that no single point of system failure exists across the PV system. APS Micro-inverters are designed to operate at full power at ambient temperatures of up to 65°C. The ...
... The APS Micro-inverter system is more reliable than centralized or string inverters. The distributed Micro-inverter system ensures that no single point of system failure exists across the PV system. APS Micro-inverters are designed to operate at full power at ambient temperatures of up to 65°C. The ...
“Remedial Action Scheme” Definition Development
... are addressed in proposed NERC Reliability Standard PRC‐010‐1. d. Autoreclosing schemes Autoreclosing schemes, whether single‐pole or three‐pole, are used to minimize system impacts and restoration efforts by System Operators. Autoreclosing, in itself, is not a RAS; however, if integ ...
... are addressed in proposed NERC Reliability Standard PRC‐010‐1. d. Autoreclosing schemes Autoreclosing schemes, whether single‐pole or three‐pole, are used to minimize system impacts and restoration efforts by System Operators. Autoreclosing, in itself, is not a RAS; however, if integ ...
60 kV to 500 kV Technical Interconnection Requirements
... BC Hydro’s review of the specifications and detailed plans shall not be construed as confirming or endorsing the design or as warranting the safety, durability or reliability of the PGF. BC Hydro, by reason of such review or lack of review, shall be responsible for neither the strength, adequacy of ...
... BC Hydro’s review of the specifications and detailed plans shall not be construed as confirming or endorsing the design or as warranting the safety, durability or reliability of the PGF. BC Hydro, by reason of such review or lack of review, shall be responsible for neither the strength, adequacy of ...
M I C -S
... It can be hard to meet a DAC design specification using a straightforward implementation. Techniques for compensation of errors that can be applied to improve the DAC linearity are studied. The well-known dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are used for transforming spurious tones caused by ma ...
... It can be hard to meet a DAC design specification using a straightforward implementation. Techniques for compensation of errors that can be applied to improve the DAC linearity are studied. The well-known dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are used for transforming spurious tones caused by ma ...
Understanding IDRIVE and TDRIVE in TI Motor Gate Drivers (Rev. A)
... The gate charge parameters are defined as follows: QG — The total gate charge required to raise the gate to source voltage to the specified value (4.5 V and 10 V are commonly used voltages). QG(th) — The charge required from 0 V to the threshold voltage of the MOSFET. Current will begin to flow from ...
... The gate charge parameters are defined as follows: QG — The total gate charge required to raise the gate to source voltage to the specified value (4.5 V and 10 V are commonly used voltages). QG(th) — The charge required from 0 V to the threshold voltage of the MOSFET. Current will begin to flow from ...
PIN Limiter Diodes in Receiver Protectors
... blocks that can contain fragile semiconductors. Many of these systems must also be capable of surviving very large incident signals, without damage to the sensitive components they contain. The receiver protection limiter, most often referred to simply as a limiter, can protect the receiver from lar ...
... blocks that can contain fragile semiconductors. Many of these systems must also be capable of surviving very large incident signals, without damage to the sensitive components they contain. The receiver protection limiter, most often referred to simply as a limiter, can protect the receiver from lar ...
MAX6814 5-Pin Watchdog Timer Circuit
... high after the watchdog pulse period. Note 3: Watchdog pulse period occurs when the watchdog times out or after VCC rises above the undervoltage threshold. Note 4: The WDO short-circuit current is the maximum pullup current when WDO is driven low. Note 5: WDI is internally serviced within the watc ...
... high after the watchdog pulse period. Note 3: Watchdog pulse period occurs when the watchdog times out or after VCC rises above the undervoltage threshold. Note 4: The WDO short-circuit current is the maximum pullup current when WDO is driven low. Note 5: WDI is internally serviced within the watc ...
1. General Requirements
... The origin of this Technical Publication 77385 was in 1996. Prior to that point, power requirements for USWEST were contained in Module C of Technical Publication 77351. QWEST Communications, Inc. reserves the right to revise this document for any reason, including but not limited to, conformity wit ...
... The origin of this Technical Publication 77385 was in 1996. Prior to that point, power requirements for USWEST were contained in Module C of Technical Publication 77351. QWEST Communications, Inc. reserves the right to revise this document for any reason, including but not limited to, conformity wit ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.