• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
LTM4601/LTM4601-1 - 12A DC/DC uModules with PLL, Output Tracking and Margining
LTM4601/LTM4601-1 - 12A DC/DC uModules with PLL, Output Tracking and Margining

Programming Guide
Programming Guide

... The beginning of the power supply Operating Manual has a Safety Summary page. Be sure you are familiar with the information on that page before programming the power supply for operation from a controller. ENERGY HAZARD. Power supplies with high output currents (such as the Series 668xA/669xA) can p ...
Liebert Series 610 UPS, 300-450kVA, MMS
Liebert Series 610 UPS, 300-450kVA, MMS

... A. Normal: The critical AC load is continuously powered by the UPS inverter(s). The rectifier/charger(s) derives power from the utility AC source and supply DC power to the inverter(s), while simultaneously float charging the MMU battery(ies). B. Emergency: Upon failure of utility AC power, the crit ...
Guide Spec, 65-225 kVA SMS
Guide Spec, 65-225 kVA SMS

... A. Normal: The critical AC load is continuously powered by the UPS inverter(s). The rectifier/charger(s) derives power from the utility AC source and supply DC power to the inverter(s), while simultaneously float charging the MMU battery(ies). B. Emergency: Upon failure of utility AC power, the crit ...
AVR1606: XMEGA Internal RC Oscillator Calibration
AVR1606: XMEGA Internal RC Oscillator Calibration

Wire Harness Installation Instructions
Wire Harness Installation Instructions

... A good exercise is to lay out the wire harness on the floor beside your automobile and identify all the SECTIONS. You will want to route the harness through and around open areas. Inside edges provide protection from hazards and also provide places for tie wraps, clips and other support. Route the h ...
service manual DW9952K DW9952K-2 DW9955K
service manual DW9952K DW9952K-2 DW9955K

... point in the circuit has difference from the normal value to judge the trouble spot. But in the circuit the tested numerical value of resistance is not accurate, and the tested numerical value of integrated IC's pins can only be used for reference, so the elements should be broken down for test. ...
Design Considerations For Logic Products
Design Considerations For Logic Products

... and external capacitors of an integrated circuit. The instantaneous current generated with the rising and falling edges of the outputs causes the power line (or plane) to ring. This behavior can violate the VCC recommended operating conditions or generate false signals, creating serious problems. A ...
Surge Suppression Catalog
Surge Suppression Catalog

... protection methodology. The second tier of protection in the ALLTEC Protection Pyramid™ comes from properly installed surge protection devices which diminish the significance of random, high energy, short duration electrical power transients. These occurrences are typically caused by atmospheric phe ...
Applied Superconductivity - Walther Meißner Institut
Applied Superconductivity - Walther Meißner Institut

... Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Pulse Driven Josephson Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 ...
1902 mkIV - Cambridge Electronic Design
1902 mkIV - Cambridge Electronic Design

... that the green Power LED comes on. Open Try1902 by selecting Start, Programs, 1902 Support, Try1902. Com port and First of all, you must set the com port and the 1902 channel channel number dropdown lists. These identify the com port being used, and the channel number to which the 1902 is set. As so ...
High Voltage Engineering Practice and Theory
High Voltage Engineering Practice and Theory

... Fig. 1.1: Schematic representation of a power network The use of higher voltages introduces a number of new aspects that have to be taken into account in order to prevent current leakage or flashover due to inadequate insulation. In general all metals are conductors of electricity due to their highe ...
DEEP SEA ELECTRONICS DSE8600 Series PC configuration suite
DEEP SEA ELECTRONICS DSE8600 Series PC configuration suite

... All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means or other) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents ...
oskari törhönen benefits of main reactor based svc in utility
oskari törhönen benefits of main reactor based svc in utility

XPS-Q8 - Newport Corporation
XPS-Q8 - Newport Corporation

... work that may be developed by Newport. Customer shall not challenge, or cause any third party to challenge, the rights of Newport. Preservation of Secrecy and Confidentiality and Restrictions to Access Customer shall protect the Newport Programs and Related Materials as trade secrets of Newport, and ...
Diode - STEP
Diode - STEP

... receivers. Cat’s whisker diodes are generally obsolete, but may be available from a few manufacturers.[citation needed] Constant current diodes These are actually a JFET with the gate shorted to the source, and function like a twoterminal current-limiter analog to the Zener diode, which is limiting ...
TEK THM 550 Service
TEK THM 550 Service

... The Tektronix PS280 and PS283 Laboratory DC Power Supplies are multifunction benchtop or portable instruments. These regulated triple output power supplies provide one fixed 5 V, 3 A output suitable for powering logic circuits and two variable 0 to 30 V outputs useful in a wide variety of test and e ...
RC-1160 / RC-1260 3.5 MB
RC-1160 / RC-1260 3.5 MB

NVT2001, NVT2002 - NXP Semiconductors
NVT2001, NVT2002 - NXP Semiconductors

... to HIGH side Vpu(D) through a pull-up resistor (typically 200 k). This allows VREFB to regulate the EN input. A filter capacitor on VREFB is recommended. The master output driver can be totem pole or open-drain (pull-up resistors may be required) and the slave device output can be totem pole or ope ...
CHAPTER 6 Field Effect Transistors (FETs)
CHAPTER 6 Field Effect Transistors (FETs)

AD5522 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD5522 数据手册DataSheet 下载

16480 VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES
16480 VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES

ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions
ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions

... M68 Magnalock to give visual status of the lock. On locks with the Senstat option, the LED will be green when the lock is powered but not secure and red when the lock is secure. Locks without the Senstat option will only indicate green when powered. Order from page 7 or page 10. ...
197 RM1 XA LT3 S LR97D LT47 LUTM p0BL LTM R
197 RM1 XA LT3 S LR97D LT47 LUTM p0BL LTM R

... In addition to the protection provided by TeSys d thermal overload relays (see page 24516/2), they offer the following special features: b protection against phase imbalance, b choice of starting class, b protection of unbalanced circuits, b protection of single-phase circuits, b alarm function to a ...
INA220-Q1 Automotive Grade, 26-V, I2C
INA220-Q1 Automotive Grade, 26-V, I2C

... When the INA220-Q1 is in the normal operating mode (that is, MODE bits of the Configuration register are set to 111), it continuously converts the shunt voltage up to the number set in the shunt voltage averaging function (Configuration register, SADC bits). The device then converts the bus voltage ...
< 1 ... 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report